Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function Test
What term describes the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?
Active transport
What would make a hypertonic solution isotonic?
Add more water
What is the third part to the cell theory?
All cells form from pre-existing cells
What does ER stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
How does facilitated diffusion differ from diffusion?
Molecules diffuse through transport proteins
What characteristics are shared by most cells?
Most cells are microscopic, enclosed by a cell membrane, and contain cytoplasm
Would a poison that kills human cells by blocking pores in the nuclear membrane also kill bacteria?
No, bacteria do not have a nucleus on which the poison can act on
Is energy required to move oxygen molecules across the cell membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
No, oxygen diffuses across the cell membrane, which doesn't require energy
What did Schleiden discover?
Noted plants have cells
Which organelle is a membrane-bound sac that divides material from the rest of the cell and transports material around the cell?
Vesicle
What is similar to vacuum?
Vesicles
What is phagocytosis?
A type of endocytosis in which the cell takes in large particles
What organelle contains fluid-filled sacs and found mainly in plants?
Vacuoles
How many types of Endoplasmic Reticulum are there?
2
What structure is only found in plant cells?
Cell wall
What do plant cells have that animal cells don't?
Cell wall and chloroplasts
What is the first part to the cell theory?
Cells are the basic unit of life
What is the second part to the cell theory?
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
What structure in the cell resembles a Twizler?
Centriole
What term describes the difference in concentration of a substance from one location to another?
Concentration gradient
What did Schwann do?
Concluded all living things are made of cells
Whhat does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
Connected to the rough ER
What does the nucleus do?
Contains DNA that controls what the cell does
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Contains ribosomes and near the nucleus
What does the chloroplast do?
Converts sunlight to chemical energy
All cells are filled with what?
Cytoplasm
How does diffusion differ from endocytosis and exocytosis?
Diffusion doesn't require energy input from the cell
What are lysosomes?
Enzymes break down structures
Which part(s) of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Fatty acid tails
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Gives the cell its shape; Supports; Provides strength; Helps the cell move
In which kind of solution would water move from the solution into the cell?
Hypotonic
What did Hooke contribute to the cell theory?
Identified and named cells
What did Leeuwenhoek contribute to the cell theory?
Improved microscope lenses and observed living things
What type of receptor is within a cell?
Intracellular receptor
What organelle links amino acids to form proteins?
Ribosomes
All cells ae enclosed by a what?
Membrane
What does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic cell does not?
Membrane-bound organelles
What tool did scientists use to gather observations to form the cell theory?
Microscope
What term describes the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient?
Osmosis
What materials makes up a cell membrane?
Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
Which cells does DNA floats in the cytoplasm?
Prokaryotic
What does the cell wall do?
Provides rigid support
How are receptors similar to enzymes?
Receptors and enzymes are both proteins that can cause a reaction or response
What are vesicles?
Sacs that hold materials
What type of membrane allows some, but not all, materials to cross?
Selectively Permeable
What is the function of the nucleus?
Storing information
What did Virchow discover?
That all cells come from other cells.
In what way are cells similar to atoms?
They are the basic building blocks or units
What characteristics do mitochondria and chloroplasts share?
They both have DNA and external and internal membranes
Through what type of proteins does active transport occur?
Transport proteins
What is not a function of the cytoskeleton?
Transports waste outside of the cell
What are centrioles?
Tubes found in the centrimes; Help divide DNA
Cells are the basic what?
Units of Life
