Chapter 3: Colonial Ways of Life

What roles didn't affluent women play in the English colonies?

Affluent married women colonists spent most of their time in town, where they could earn their own wages.

Elizabeth Pinckney's decision to manage her family's plantation doesn't demonstrate what characteristics about women in eighteenth-century colonial America?

All women were confined to household work because of abundant male labor, and opportunities for unmarried women to enter into the "man's world" were nonexistent.

Were the most dispersed ethnic group, found along much of the eastern seaboard

English

Were found largely in Quebec along the Saint Lawrence River

French Catholics

What weren't circumstances in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries that contributed to European settlement in the North American colonies?

The influx of laborers in the workforce dramatically increased the standard of living for the majority of Europeans, leading them to move to the countryside and the colonies.

What was the long-term impacts of the Great Awakening on American life?

There was more religious tolerance, and ministers lost control over the direction of religious life.

What factors didn't contribute to the demographic changes in England's North American colonies in the 1700s?

Absence of diseases in North America

Which of the following statements accurately portray the event surrounding the Salem witchcraft trials?

Accusations of witchcraft often resulted in severe punishments for the accused and spread mass hysteria, and the witchcraft controversy reflected the peculiar social tensions and personal feuds in the community.

Were forced to immigrate largely to southern plantations

African

Although slaves performed a large number of tasks and duties, as the colonies expanded, it became clear that the vast majority of slaves would do which type of work?

Agricultural labor

What factors contributed to the demographic changes in England's North American colonies in the 1700s?

Availability of land in North America, increased birth rate, and improved living conditions and a falling death rate.

What accurately describes the development and impact of race-based slavery in colonial North America?

Colonies began to prefer enslaved Africans to indentured servants as a source of labor because slaves were treated as property for life, but indentured servants would one day be free. Although African slaves had existed in England's North American colonies since at least 1619, the meaning and scope of slavery as a race-based, lifelong institution became the legal norm in most colonies by the 1660s, and Sets of slave codes regulated the lives of enslaved Africans and formalized the legal distinction between slave and free.

What doesn't accurately describe the development and impact of race-based slavery in colonial North America?

Color prejudice in colonial American societies first developed in the English colonies of the Western Hemisphere with the onset of race-based slavery.

Which are Deists' beliefs regarding the universe, God, and the Christian tradition?

Deists were enlightened individuals who believed it was natural laws, and not God, that governed the daily operation of the universe, they believed evil stemmed from ignorance, rather than sinfulness. And they included individuals such as Thomas Jefferson who believed cultivating reason was the highest virtue.

Were concentrated around the Hudson River and founded what is today known as New York City

Dutch

There were more women in English America than in New Spain and New France, which led to greater equality for women in the English colonies.

False

What circumstances in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries contributed to European settlement in the North American colonies?

Farm workers, squeezed by the rise of commercial agriculture, immigrated to the colonies, poverty in Europe led many to accept the risks and costs associated with immigrating to the colonies, and poor workers in the countryside moved to major European cities in search of new opportunities.

How did Deism affected Benjamin Franklin's beliefs and accomplishments?

His scientific experiments extended across various fields of inquiry. He prized science and reason and rejected the idea of embracing religious belief without question.

What were classified as "women's work."

Housework, fieldwork, and garden work

What wasn't the long-term impacts of the Great Awakening on American life?

Ministers gained authority over the religious life of individuals, and people rejected the evangelical impulses of the movement.

What statements don't accurately portray the events surrounding the Salem witchcraft trials?

Most of the accused were men, demonstrating the frequency with which most women at the time lashed out at men in general, and those accused of being witches staunchly refused to name other supposed witches, allowed any sense of hysteria in the town to quickly die down.

What wasn't classified as "women's work."

Painter

Migrated to the Pennsylvania, Carolina, and Georgia backcountry in large numbers due to the availability of land

Scots-Irish

Elizabeth Pinckney's decision to manage her family's plantation demonstrates what characteristics about women in eighteenth-century colonial America?

Some women took initiative and exercised leadership outside the home, and some women were able to succeed at "men's work."

Identify how the labor trends shifted in the southern colonies beginning in the late seventeenth century.

Southern plantation owners shifted to African slaves as their primary source of labor

What doesn't accurately describe the effects of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening on colonial America.

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening fundamentally counteracted each other in every way, thereby intensifying Americans' longing for a closer association with the European world.

What accurately describes the effects of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening on colonial America.

The Great Awakening challenged traditional hierarchies in established religious institutions and democratized religious practice, the enlightenment challenged the idea of accepting what one had traditionally known to be true and emphasized the importance of reason and scientific experimentation. And over time, the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening both contributed to the forces of thought that would help bring about the American Revolution.

Jonathan Edwards declared that "it was no longer the Tavern ... but the Minister's House" that drew local crowds. Which of the following does the quotation suggest were impacts of the Great Awakening?

The increased success of religious revival over secular forces, and the new emphasis on the idea of turning away from sinful pleasures toward the full presence of God.

Were remarkably diverse in terms of ethnicity, had fertile soil and long growing seasons, which enabled residents to cultivate enough crops for their own consumption as well as for sale to other regions

The middle colonies

Which aren't Deists' beliefs regarding the universe, God, and the Christian tradition?

Their philosophy was a response to the Great Awakening and the spiritual revival that had taken place.

How did Europeans attempt to justify race-based slavery during the colonial period?

They believed that African behaviors and customs were uncivilized and inferior to their own. And they considered slavery a form of personal bad luck sanctioned by the heavens.

How did Europeans not justify race-based slavery during the colonial period?

They believed that Africans were naturally hardworking and, thus, should be used for labor. And they believed that Africans were intrinsically good-hearted and would be easy to control.

While the role of race became much more prominent as slavery evolved, color prejudice had historically been a crucial rationalization to justify the institution from its inception.

True

What statements accurately describe the role of women in English colonies?

Women in English colonies typically were expected to take on the domestic responsibilities, because of the pace of colonial life, there were sometimes unexpected opportunities for women to break out of traditional domestic roles, and many colonists brought with them from Europe traditional ideas regarding women's inferiority, these ideas remained prevalent in the colonies as well.

What statements don't accurately describe the role of women in English colonies?

Women rarely helped with farm work in the colonies because it was viewed as too strenuous, and women in colonial American consistently operated outside of European norms and took on increasingly public roles.

What roles did affluent women play in the English colonies?

Women's work in colonial America was expected to focus on the domestic sphere, some women colonists benefited from the labor of enslaved Africans, the major life experiences of colonial women- birth, life, and death- were confined largely to the home.

Included settlements typically clustered near townships, commonly had religious and governing bodies that served one another, and often relied on fishing and subsistence farming

the New England colonies

Experianced especially visible inequalities in wealth and status, had warm weather and plentiful rainfall, and grew profitable cash crops

the southern colonies