Chapter 3 Egypt

In The Teachings of Khety, the father's creative descriptions of common professions are filled with double meanings to cast them in the most negative light. Which line illustrates that device?

"And the maker of pots is under earth, though standing up with the living."

Fresco secco

"Dry fresco"; the technique of painting on dry plaster

The term pharaoh derives from the Egyptian word for

"great house."

Netjer nefer

"junior god"

Papyrus

A long-lasting, paper-like material made from reeds

Pictograms

A pictorial symbol or sign representing an object or concept. Used by many non-alphabetic written scripts.

Pharaoh

A ruler of ancient Egypt

Pyramid

A solid shape with a polygon as a base and triangular faces that come to a point (vertex or apex)

Lyric

A type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world.

Pharaoh who built an entire city from the ground up after having a spiritual experience.

Amenhotep 4

Module

An encapsulated collection of one or more related classes, each with its own methods and attributes.

What form of infrastructure did the Egyptians use to transport goods?

Barges and canals - Nile river

Polytheistic

Belief in many gods

The world's first 40 foot dam was constructed for the city of?

City of Memphis

The first of Egypt's Pharos's to be worshiped as a living god; he was responsible for bringing the use of stone to Egyptian architecture.

Djoser

Monolithic

Exactly the same throughout; lacking any diversity

The widowed queen who became co-regent, later changing her gender to become pharaoh.

Hatshepsut

The Great Sphinx

Huge monument "guarding" the great pyramid

Ka

In ancient Egypt, an idea comparable to "soul" or "life force".

Ba

In ancient Egypt, an idea comparable to a person's personality.

Which statement is true concerning the significance of the heart in the Egyptian ritual of "last judgment"?

It encompassed a duality of good and bad aspects of an individual's life.

Which statement is true regarding this structure?

It is the earliest known use of cut stone in architecture.

Which statement is true regarding the initial relationship between Egypt and Nubia?

It was mutually beneficial by fostering trade through sub-Saharan Africa.

The largest statue ever made in the ancient world depicts

Khafre in the form of a Sphinx.

At the time that Egypt fell to Assyrian invaders, it was ruled by

Kushite kings.

The early Egyptian rectangular burial chambers are called

Mastaba

Who was the first Egyptian leader to consolidate all the tribes along the Nile into one civilization?

Menes

A tall four sided stone megalith carved with relief on all sides and topped by a pyramid on top.

Obelisk

Phonograms

Often called word families, these end in high frequency rimes that vary only in the beginning consonant sound to make a word. For example, back, sack, black and track.

Almost all of the conventions of Egyptian art were established in the

Old Kingdom.

The priests of Egypt controlled _________ of the total economy.

One third

This Pharaoh's temple building at Abu Simbel had to be moved in 1964 when it was threatened to be submerged under Lake Nasser.

Ramesses II

How did the cultural production of the Middle Kingdom differ from that of earlier Egyptian periods?

Secular literature was written.

Founded the middle kingdom which was known as the golden era, this pharaoh funded his architecture by raiding Nubia to the south for gold.

Sesostris III

Under this Pharaoh Egyptian tomb building reaches its pinnacle in the Valley of the Kings.

Seti I

Determinatives

Signs that indicate how the preceding glyph should be interpreted

Who founded the 4th dynasty and was responsible for the first true pyramid from the ground up also known as the bent pyramid located at Dahshur?

Snerfru

Kemet

Term meaning "black land" used by ancient Egyptians to describe the dark soil.

How is the identification of the king with Egypt itself emphasized in this representation?

The black soil of the Nile Valley is reflected in the darkened skin, set off by the white dressing associated with depictions of the god Osiris.

How is the theme of continuity and stability of culture evident in this image?

The composite view of figures despite mixed ethnicities reflects older Egyptian pictorial conventions.

The primary capital of the Middle Kingdom was

Thebes.

What two rivers form to create the Nile?

White and blue Nile

Sarcophagus

a coffin, usually of stone

To the Egyptians, Alexander the Great represented

a divinely prophesized and, therefore, accepted ruler for followers of Amun.

The unification of Northern and Southern Egypt in the Middle Kingdom is symbolized in pictorial representations by

a double crown worn by the king.

Metaphor

a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

Lyre

a harp used by ancient Greeks for accompaniment

Pylon

a massive gateway with sloping walls

Dynasty

a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time

Theocracy

a state by a god or by the god's representative.

Obelisk

a stone pillar, typically having a square or rectangular cross section and a pyramidal top, set up as a monument or landmark.

Mastaba

a trapezoidal tomb structure

The term fresco secco refers to

a type of painting produced by pigment applied to a dry wall.

Hypostyle hall

a vast space filled with columns supporting a roof

Composite view

a view that integrates multiple perspectives into a single unified representation

Mummy

an embalmed body wrapped in cloth strips

Canon

an established set of principles or code of laws, often religious in nature

The name of the hieroglyphic sign that means "life" is

ankh

The Great Temple of Amun at Karnak was a metaphor for

birth and creation.

The carved or sculpted tops of architectural columns are called

capitals.

Ramses's Pylon Gate at Luxor may be considered an early example of art used as propaganda because it

celebrates a battle that was not an unqualified military success.

Nebamun is depicted in a marsh, spearing fish, or hunting fowl. His hurling of a spear is thought to relate to

ejaculation, and thus sexual procreation.

Which pairing is an example of opposites in a cycle of regeneration, a core belief of Egyptian "being and becoming"?

flood and sun

The symbolic purpose of funerary sculpture, to ensure the continued existence of a deceased king in the afterlife, is emphasized by the Egyptian word for sculpture, which also meant

giving birth or rebirth.

Cyclical

happening again and again in the same order; happening in cycles

Tutankhaten changed his name to Tutankhamun to

indicate a return to the more traditional gods.

Djoser's royal architect responsible for the creation of the step pyramid?

inhotep

The pose of Mentuemhet, who was probably the most influential official of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty,

is similar to conventions found in the Old Kingdom.

The Books of Going Forth by Day (also known as the Books of the Dead) contain

magical texts and spells buried with the deceased to help them survive the ritual of judgment.

In Egyptian belief, the creation of the world was associated with

marsh lands where animal and plant life were abundant.

Archeologist believe this method was used to create the pyramids?

no way of knowing

Hieroglyphs

pictures and other written symbols that stand for ideas, things, or sounds

"He made their bodies according to their wishes, Thus the gods entered into their bodies, Of every wood, every stone, every clay, Every thing that grows upon him In which they came to be." This passage from "This It Is Said of Ptah" explains which concept term?

polytheism

Colonnade

row of columns

The Teachings of Khety is shaped by two main purposes: to instruct and to

satirize daily life.

The extent of Egypt's trade practices is revealed by recent archeological evidence found in Mycenae, particularly the discovery of which objects?

scarabs

In Egyptian belief ka refers to a person's

soul

The Kushites came from Kush, the Egyptian name for the

southern region of Nubia.

The Amarna style of the New Kingdom is notable for its

startling realism.

The Egyptians believed that the gods manifested themselves on earth through

statues

The ancient Egyptians called Egypt "Kemet," meaning "Black Land," because

the Nile River floods deposited black fertile soil.

The Hyksos were foreigners who lived in Egypt and were important for introducing

the horse-drawn chariot, which served military purposes.

Which feature of this representation distinguishes the priest from a figure of higher nobility?

the naturalistic treatment of his paunchy stomach and chest rather than an idealized shape and musculature

The mathematical precision of Egyptian construction and understanding of astronomy is demonstrated by

the orientation of Khufu's pyramid to the cardinal points of the compass.

The essential relationship between the king as protector of his people is conveyed through which element in this depiction of Khafre?

the positioning of the eagle, representing Horus, and its opened wings behind his head

In Egyptian funerary sculpture, kings are represented with idealized anatomy, regardless of their actual age and body, because

the sculptures were intended to mirror the perfection of the gods.

Which pictorial elements of this artifact from Tutankhamun's tomb underscore a connection to Aten?

the sun rays shaped as elongated arms and hands reaching towards him

Henotheistic

the worship of one god without denying the existence of other gods