Chapter 3. Gov "Federalism"

Federalism

Government authority shared by national and local governments

Laboratories of Democracy

Idea that different states can implement different policies, and the successful ones will spread

Unitary System

A system of government where sovereignty is fully vested in the national government, not the states

federalism

Diversity of public policy throughout the United States is primarily a consequence of

Dual Federalism

Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate

"Necessary and Proper" Clause

Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution

A delegation of power from the federal government to state governments, increasing state and local sovereignty

The decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) reflected new ideas about federalism at the time that can be best characterized by which of the following?

Nullification

The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution

promotes general welfare

The every student succeeds act does what?

Sovereignty

The ultimate political author in a system

money and power

elitists

interest groups, varying opinions

pluralists

concurrent power

taxes are a

Waiver

A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it

state judicial systems

-each has their own -judges are nominated by the people -5 on court/depends on state -term is not for life

federal judicial system

-justices are nominated by the president, voted in by senate -9 justices, life term

the commerce clause, this is a federal power

A member of Congress makes it illegal for a doctor to prescribe opiods for longer than 3 weeks, this is an example of?

welfare reform

A prominent example of the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is

Confederation or Confederal System

A system of government where state governments are sovereign, and the national government can do only what the states permit

Federal System

A system of government where the national and state governments share sovereignty

necessary and proper clause (for federal gov) and 10th amendment (for state gov)

Accurate comparison of constitutional provisions relating to federal and state governments.

Different levels of government are involved in common policy areas.

Cooperative federalism can best be described by which of the following statements?

Categorical Grants

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

devolution

Giving state governments greater discretion in deciding how to achieve the specific goals of welfare reform is an example of

Cooperative Federalism

Idea that the federal and state governments share power in many policy areas

funds to administer programs clearly specified by the federal government

In contrast to revenue sharing, categorical grants-in-aid provide state and local governments with

Grants-In-Aid

Money given by the national government to the states

Referendum

Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature

Recall

Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

Initiative

Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot

block grants

States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from

Mandates

Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

a federal mandate

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of

10th amendment

The Brady handgun act (forced participation) was unconstitutional because of what

shifting the responsibilities and costs for many programs to state governments

The most significant trend in federal-state relations during the 1980s was

federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding

The terms "fiscal federalism" and "cooperative federalism" refer to situations in which

states cannot tax federal institutions or international businesses

What is a violation of the constitution by the states?

Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services

Which of the following actions by the federal government best illustrates the concept of unfunded mandates?

Block grants

Which of the following forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money?

The federal government had the authority to establish a national bank, and Maryland's tax was unconstitutional.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ?

The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was struck down as unconstitutional because it exceeded the commerce clause.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) ?

State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent.

Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?

slow down the process

checks and balances

states

liscencing is a power given to who

gives power to the states and the individual states

looking at polls

Conditions of Aid

Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds

Devolution

The transfer of power from the national government to state and local governments

Federalism

Which of the following constitutional principles best explains why there is variation among states on the use of capital punishment?