Chapter 3. Gov "Federalism"
Federalism
Government authority shared by national and local governments
Laboratories of Democracy
Idea that different states can implement different policies, and the successful ones will spread
Unitary System
A system of government where sovereignty is fully vested in the national government, not the states
federalism
Diversity of public policy throughout the United States is primarily a consequence of
Dual Federalism
Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate
"Necessary and Proper" Clause
Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution
A delegation of power from the federal government to state governments, increasing state and local sovereignty
The decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) reflected new ideas about federalism at the time that can be best characterized by which of the following?
Nullification
The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution
promotes general welfare
The every student succeeds act does what?
Sovereignty
The ultimate political author in a system
money and power
elitists
interest groups, varying opinions
pluralists
concurrent power
taxes are a
Waiver
A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it
state judicial systems
-each has their own -judges are nominated by the people -5 on court/depends on state -term is not for life
federal judicial system
-justices are nominated by the president, voted in by senate -9 justices, life term
the commerce clause, this is a federal power
A member of Congress makes it illegal for a doctor to prescribe opiods for longer than 3 weeks, this is an example of?
welfare reform
A prominent example of the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is
Confederation or Confederal System
A system of government where state governments are sovereign, and the national government can do only what the states permit
Federal System
A system of government where the national and state governments share sovereignty
necessary and proper clause (for federal gov) and 10th amendment (for state gov)
Accurate comparison of constitutional provisions relating to federal and state governments.
Different levels of government are involved in common policy areas.
Cooperative federalism can best be described by which of the following statements?
Categorical Grants
Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport
devolution
Giving state governments greater discretion in deciding how to achieve the specific goals of welfare reform is an example of
Cooperative Federalism
Idea that the federal and state governments share power in many policy areas
funds to administer programs clearly specified by the federal government
In contrast to revenue sharing, categorical grants-in-aid provide state and local governments with
Grants-In-Aid
Money given by the national government to the states
Referendum
Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature
Recall
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
Initiative
Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot
block grants
States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from
Mandates
Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants
a federal mandate
The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of
10th amendment
The Brady handgun act (forced participation) was unconstitutional because of what
shifting the responsibilities and costs for many programs to state governments
The most significant trend in federal-state relations during the 1980s was
federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding
The terms "fiscal federalism" and "cooperative federalism" refer to situations in which
states cannot tax federal institutions or international businesses
What is a violation of the constitution by the states?
Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services
Which of the following actions by the federal government best illustrates the concept of unfunded mandates?
Block grants
Which of the following forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money?
The federal government had the authority to establish a national bank, and Maryland's tax was unconstitutional.
Which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ?
The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was struck down as unconstitutional because it exceeded the commerce clause.
Which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) ?
State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent.
Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?
slow down the process
checks and balances
states
liscencing is a power given to who
gives power to the states and the individual states
looking at polls
Conditions of Aid
Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds
Devolution
The transfer of power from the national government to state and local governments
Federalism
Which of the following constitutional principles best explains why there is variation among states on the use of capital punishment?