Chapter 3: Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities

The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?

"I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

Exacerbation

Which is the most accurate definition of health?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

Health promotion

An older adult client reports having stopped taking the prescribed medications for Addison disease for financial reasons. Upon questioning, the client shares that Medicare Part D is not helping. Which option should the nurse point out may be a solution for this client?

Medigap insurance

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?

Monitoring airway clearance.

What level of prevention is represented by educating a group of clients on breast self-examination?

Primary prevention

The nurse is counseling a newly pregnant woman who is concerned about developing infections during her pregnancy. The pregnant woman states, "I'm so afraid something will happen to my baby. My friend developed an infection while she was pregnant and the baby died." Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Early prenatal care like you are receiving is very beneficial in reducing chances of infection."

A pregnant client at 10 weeks' gestation is receiving education by the nurse about the importance of abstaining from alcohol while pregnant. What statement made by the client demonstrates an understanding of the education provided?

"I should abstain from alcohol to prevent the development of a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder."

The nurse manager of the acute care unit has decided to implement a team nursing approach for client care. One of the staff members asks, "Will we each take care of our own clients?" What is the appropriate response by the manager?

"The care will be divided and the registered nurse (RN) will have a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to provide care together."

A nurse is implementing secondary-level interventions for a group of hospitalized clients. With which activity(ies) would the nurse be involved? Select all that apply.

-Providing wound care -Administering medications

Which scenario is an example of a characteristic of Stage 2 of illness?

A person tells his family that he is sick and allows family members to take care of him.

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy

A rapid onset of symptoms that lasts a relatively short time indicates which condition?

An acute illness

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?

Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury

An older adult patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because the client lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, the client has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of the client's care is characteristic of which stage of illness?

Assuming a dependent role

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

Coronary artery disease

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.

Culture -Society -Community -Family

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?

Emotional dimension

Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?

Environmental risk factor

Which of these is not a factor in the Agent-Host-Environment Model of health and illness, as developed by Leavell and Clark (1965)?

Evil spirit

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

Which definition of health is the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?

Instructing a client on how to use crutches

Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?

Making a referral for a mammogram

The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

Modifiable

The nurse is certified in providing Therapeutic Touch and is preparing to initiate this for a client. What activity should the nurse perform first?

Requesting the client's permission to touch the body

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Require lifelong management -Have a prolonged course -Are rarely curable

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention?

Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Tertiary

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?

The client gives up the dependent role.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the hospital for the second time in 2 months with wheezing, dyspnea, and use of accessory muscles when breathing. Which type of situation does the nurse identify is occurring with this client?

The client is having an exacerbation of the COPD.

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

high-level wellness.

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?I

it has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

A client who has recently been diagnosed with a chronic illness appears to be depressed. When the nurse asks if there is something wrong, the client states, "Nothing will ever be the same for me since I have this disease." What is the most appropriate response for the nurse?

"If you maintain a positive self-concept, you can live as normally as possible."

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

Secondary

The nurse is holding a cholesterol screening at a local pharmacy this Saturday morning. What level(s) of health promotion is this screening an example of?

Secondary

Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?

Secondary care

A mammogram represents which level of prevention?

Secondary prevention

A client has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. The client states that it is nearly impossible to quit drinking because of the deep entrenchment of alcohol use in the client's circle of friends and line of work. As well, the client claims to have thought that drinking only beer and foregoing hard alcohol would prevent health problems. This client is exhibiting health consequences rooted in which human dimensions?

Sociocultural and intellectual

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

A client comes to a scheduled appointment with a new flyer from the insurance company (above) and asks the nurse how all these things can be included. How should the nurse respond?

This is referred to as an integrated delivery system. Everyone is working together to provide their clients the best possible care.

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion?

Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy.

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

What people believe to be true about their health

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about the client's health beliefs based primarily on the client's:

age and developmental stage.

A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:

agent.

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:

consume a diet low in fat.

An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the client had to relearn how to perform activities of daily living, including feeding and dressing. The client has often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is:

giving up the dependent role.

A client, who has just been diagnosed with a chronic condition, asks the nurse what a "chronic condition" means. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Chronic conditions usually come on slowly and may have periods of remission and exacerbation."

A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:

self-concept.

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:

the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms