Chapter 3: Nutrition LS
in the grains group, one slice of bread is equivalent to
1/2 cup cooked pasta; 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal; 1 ounce of grains
protein
10-35%
carbohydrate
45-65%
the *blank* is the amount of the nutrient that should meet the needs of 50% of the healthy people who are in a particular life stage/gender group
EAR
choose the seven standards that make up the DRI
EAR; RDA; AI; UL; CDRR; EER; AMDR
which of the following is used to determine the caloric needs of the average person for a specific weight, age, and gender?
EER
periodically, members of the *blank* adjust DRIs as new information concerning human nutritional needs and dietary adequacy becomes available
Food and Nutrition Board
your diet is likely to be nutritionally adequate if your average daily intake for each nutrient meets the nutrient's *blank* or AI value
RDA
which two government agencies collaborate every five years to publish the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; USDA
when a nutrient still requires more research in order to set a DRI standard, a standard is set
adequate intake
when there isn't enough research to establish a RDA, a *blank blank*
adequate intake
good sources of plant proteins include
beans; nuts; peas
what is the newest DRI category?
chronic disease risk reduction intake (CDRR)
as a marketing tool directed toward the health-conscious consumers, food manufacturers make nutrition *blank* on food products
claims
the recommendation for dairy is to
consume fat-free or low-fat dairy foods including yogurt, cheese, and/or fortified soy products
which of the following is an appropriate food intake recommendation for women who are capable of becoming pregnant?
consume iron rich food or take an iron supplement if recommended by a health care provider; consume 400 mcg of folic acid/day
the RDAs are standards for recommending the *blank* of several nutrients
daily intakes
the exchange system was originally developed to assist people with
diabetes
*blank* is the replacement of nutrients lost during processing whereas *blank* is the addition of nutrients to boost its nutrient content
enrichment; fortification
true or false: if your diet meets the RDA or AI values, your food intake is unlikely to be nutritionally sound
false
dairy
frozen yogurt
the estimated energy requirement is based on the needs of individuals who are
healthy
the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to
reduce the risk of nutrition-related chronic healthy conditions; set general nutrition-related lifestyle recommendation
the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health is called
requirement
UL
highest amount of daily nutrient intakes unlikely to cause adverse health effects
the standard serving size in the fruit group is equivalent to *blank* cup fruit or fruit juice and *blank* cup of dried fruit
1; 1/2
fat
20-35%
if you consume 2000 kcal per day, you should limit your added sugars to less than
200 kcal
in what year was the USDA food guide pyramid replaced with MyPlate
2011
to establish the RDA for a nutrient, first scientists determine the nutrient's *blank* and then add a "margin of safety" so that the RDA meets the nutrient needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals
EAR
a nutrient intake value that is established to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
scientists record eating patterns of a group of healthy people and if this group shows no signs of a nutrient deficiency disorder, the average intake of the nutrient evaluated becomes the
adequate intake (AI)
choose the foods and beverages that are considered "empty calories"
alcohol; regular soft drinks; cakes and cookies
what are some examples of empty calorie foods?
cookies; alcohol; ice cream
the *blank* inspired the development of other food pyramids for people who don't follow the Western diet
food guide pyramid
the AI standard is formulated
if insufficient data exist for setting RDA; based on the amount of intake assumed to be adequate for a specific life stage
the adequate intake standard is formulated
if insufficient data exist for setting RDA; based on the amount of intake assumed to be adequate for a specific life stage
analysis of government food consumption data reveals that the overall quality of the American diet is
improving
the nutrition facts panel
indicates the % DV of some food constituents; lists certain food constituents; indicates serving amounts
typically, nutrients that can be analyzed by dietary analysis software include
macros; micros; fibers
fats and oils
olives
which of the following are true facts about the percentages of the daily values when appleid to the nutrition facts food label?
people requiring more or less than 2000-kcal must make the necessary adjustment; the 2000-kcal diet allows easy comparison among similar foods; they are based on a 2000-kcal diet
what is the name for a substance in the body that reflects proper functioning and can be measured and is used by the Food and Nutrition Board to establish an EAR
physiological marker
protein rich
protein, iron, zinc
which of the following foods are included in the grain group?
rice; breads; pasta; cereals; crackers
the tolerable upper intake level is the maximum chronic daily intake of a nutrient
that is unlikely to cause health effects in almost all people; above which toxicity effects are likely
the main purpose of the Nutrition Facts label includes which of the following?
to help consumers learn more about the nutrition content of the foods; to help consumers know about which nutrients to limit; to help consumers make better nutrition choices
which of the following statements best summarizes the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
to improve the health of all americans age two and older
which of the following best describes DRI
umbrella term for various nutrient recommendations set by the Food and Nutrition Board
examples of whole grains recommended by the dietary guidelines include
wild rice; oats; whole wheat
if you frequently eat less than the *blank* for a nutrient, you may be at risk for developing the nutrient's deficiency disorder
estimated average requirement
what value would you look at to determine the calorie intake a person should consumer each day to maintain body weight?
estimated energy requirement
the average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his weight is the
estimated energy requirement (EER)
which of the following pieces of information is required on most foods sold in stores?
name and address of manufacturer; ingredients listed in descending order by weight; product name; amount of product in the package
RDA
nutrient intake recommendation set to meet the needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender
AI
nutrient intake recommendation set when research is not sufficient to determine RDA
protein-rich
lentils
choose the five major food groups
protein; fruits; grains; vegetables; dairy products
EER
estimation of calorie needs based on gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level
the DRI help people to
evaluate nutritional deficiency; evaluate nutritional adequacy; plan a nutritious diet
the daily value accomplishes which of the following on the nutrition facts label?
it estimates how much of a nutrient is consumed in one serving; it helps to estimate how much of a nutrient an individual is consuming; it shows how a single serving compared to the daily value
MyPlate differs from previous food guides in that
it has 5 food groups
recommendations for building a better plate include
making at least 1/2 of your grain foods whole grains; vary vegetable choices
vegetables
phytochemicals, fiber, beta-carotene
the basic premiere of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes which of the following statements?
the Dietary Guidelines are designed to promote good health and reduce the risk of major nutrition-related chronic health conditions
what is the maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most people?
tolerable upper intake level (UL)
traditional ethnic diets are often based on
unrefined grains; small amounts of animal foods; large amounts of locally grown fruits and vegetables
a health claim could be included on a food label with
19% of DV for vitamin A
the RDA is established by adding *blank* to the EAR
a "margin of safety"
in the protein-rich food group, choose foods that are classified as protein-rich and non-meat
eggs, beans, and nuts; tofu and seeds
plant foods in the protein foods group include
lentils; navy beans; nuts
grain
popcorn
according to MyPlate, which of the following is equivalent to a standard serving in the protein foods group?
1/4 cup of cooked dry beans; 1 egg; 1 ounce of meat
protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin are most frequently in which food group?
dairy
which is true about the role of diet in health?
diet is only one aspect of lifestyle that affects health
standards for planning nutritious diets for groups of people are called
dietary reference intake
the estimated energy requirement is used to determine the caloric needs of the average person after considering which of the following data?
height; physical activity pattern; weight; sex
fruits
phytochemicals, potassium, vitamin C
dairy
protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin
MyPlate encourages consumers to imagine the size of a bar of soap in order to estimate a serving size for which food groups?
proteins
Dietary Reference Intakes are intended to help people
reduce their risk of nutrient deficiencies; lower disease risk; achieve optimal health
the typical American diet of those 2 years and older dos not provide enough
fat-free and low-fat milk; fruits and vegetables
a diet rich in whole grains will contain more *blank* than a diet primarily composed of refined grain
fiber
identify the basic goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan; limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake; focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount of food; shift to healthier food and beverage choices
which federal agency monitors food and beverage labeling in the US?
food and drug administration
according to MyPlate, 1 cup of cooked rice is equivalent to
2 servings from the grain group
which nutrient standard is set to meet or exceed 97.5% of the requirement for nearly all healthy Americans?
RDAs
what are the appropriate uses of the DRI standards?
to prevent disease; to ensure that one specific nutrient is not overconsumed; to achieve optimal health; to reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies
the nutrient categories that the daily values have been set for include
vitamins; several minerals