Chapter 3: Nutrition LS

in the grains group, one slice of bread is equivalent to

1/2 cup cooked pasta; 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal; 1 ounce of grains

protein

10-35%

carbohydrate

45-65%

the *blank* is the amount of the nutrient that should meet the needs of 50% of the healthy people who are in a particular life stage/gender group

EAR

choose the seven standards that make up the DRI

EAR; RDA; AI; UL; CDRR; EER; AMDR

which of the following is used to determine the caloric needs of the average person for a specific weight, age, and gender?

EER

periodically, members of the *blank* adjust DRIs as new information concerning human nutritional needs and dietary adequacy becomes available

Food and Nutrition Board

your diet is likely to be nutritionally adequate if your average daily intake for each nutrient meets the nutrient's *blank* or AI value

RDA

which two government agencies collaborate every five years to publish the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; USDA

when a nutrient still requires more research in order to set a DRI standard, a standard is set

adequate intake

when there isn't enough research to establish a RDA, a *blank blank*

adequate intake

good sources of plant proteins include

beans; nuts; peas

what is the newest DRI category?

chronic disease risk reduction intake (CDRR)

as a marketing tool directed toward the health-conscious consumers, food manufacturers make nutrition *blank* on food products

claims

the recommendation for dairy is to

consume fat-free or low-fat dairy foods including yogurt, cheese, and/or fortified soy products

which of the following is an appropriate food intake recommendation for women who are capable of becoming pregnant?

consume iron rich food or take an iron supplement if recommended by a health care provider; consume 400 mcg of folic acid/day

the RDAs are standards for recommending the *blank* of several nutrients

daily intakes

the exchange system was originally developed to assist people with

diabetes

*blank* is the replacement of nutrients lost during processing whereas *blank* is the addition of nutrients to boost its nutrient content

enrichment; fortification

true or false: if your diet meets the RDA or AI values, your food intake is unlikely to be nutritionally sound

false

dairy

frozen yogurt

the estimated energy requirement is based on the needs of individuals who are

healthy

the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to

reduce the risk of nutrition-related chronic healthy conditions; set general nutrition-related lifestyle recommendation

the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health is called

requirement

UL

highest amount of daily nutrient intakes unlikely to cause adverse health effects

the standard serving size in the fruit group is equivalent to *blank* cup fruit or fruit juice and *blank* cup of dried fruit

1; 1/2

fat

20-35%

if you consume 2000 kcal per day, you should limit your added sugars to less than

200 kcal

in what year was the USDA food guide pyramid replaced with MyPlate

2011

to establish the RDA for a nutrient, first scientists determine the nutrient's *blank* and then add a "margin of safety" so that the RDA meets the nutrient needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals

EAR

a nutrient intake value that is established to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

scientists record eating patterns of a group of healthy people and if this group shows no signs of a nutrient deficiency disorder, the average intake of the nutrient evaluated becomes the

adequate intake (AI)

choose the foods and beverages that are considered "empty calories"

alcohol; regular soft drinks; cakes and cookies

what are some examples of empty calorie foods?

cookies; alcohol; ice cream

the *blank* inspired the development of other food pyramids for people who don't follow the Western diet

food guide pyramid

the AI standard is formulated

if insufficient data exist for setting RDA; based on the amount of intake assumed to be adequate for a specific life stage

the adequate intake standard is formulated

if insufficient data exist for setting RDA; based on the amount of intake assumed to be adequate for a specific life stage

analysis of government food consumption data reveals that the overall quality of the American diet is

improving

the nutrition facts panel

indicates the % DV of some food constituents; lists certain food constituents; indicates serving amounts

typically, nutrients that can be analyzed by dietary analysis software include

macros; micros; fibers

fats and oils

olives

which of the following are true facts about the percentages of the daily values when appleid to the nutrition facts food label?

people requiring more or less than 2000-kcal must make the necessary adjustment; the 2000-kcal diet allows easy comparison among similar foods; they are based on a 2000-kcal diet

what is the name for a substance in the body that reflects proper functioning and can be measured and is used by the Food and Nutrition Board to establish an EAR

physiological marker

protein rich

protein, iron, zinc

which of the following foods are included in the grain group?

rice; breads; pasta; cereals; crackers

the tolerable upper intake level is the maximum chronic daily intake of a nutrient

that is unlikely to cause health effects in almost all people; above which toxicity effects are likely

the main purpose of the Nutrition Facts label includes which of the following?

to help consumers learn more about the nutrition content of the foods; to help consumers know about which nutrients to limit; to help consumers make better nutrition choices

which of the following statements best summarizes the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

to improve the health of all americans age two and older

which of the following best describes DRI

umbrella term for various nutrient recommendations set by the Food and Nutrition Board

examples of whole grains recommended by the dietary guidelines include

wild rice; oats; whole wheat

if you frequently eat less than the *blank* for a nutrient, you may be at risk for developing the nutrient's deficiency disorder

estimated average requirement

what value would you look at to determine the calorie intake a person should consumer each day to maintain body weight?

estimated energy requirement

the average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his weight is the

estimated energy requirement (EER)

which of the following pieces of information is required on most foods sold in stores?

name and address of manufacturer; ingredients listed in descending order by weight; product name; amount of product in the package

RDA

nutrient intake recommendation set to meet the needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender

AI

nutrient intake recommendation set when research is not sufficient to determine RDA

protein-rich

lentils

choose the five major food groups

protein; fruits; grains; vegetables; dairy products

EER

estimation of calorie needs based on gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level

the DRI help people to

evaluate nutritional deficiency; evaluate nutritional adequacy; plan a nutritious diet

the daily value accomplishes which of the following on the nutrition facts label?

it estimates how much of a nutrient is consumed in one serving; it helps to estimate how much of a nutrient an individual is consuming; it shows how a single serving compared to the daily value

MyPlate differs from previous food guides in that

it has 5 food groups

recommendations for building a better plate include

making at least 1/2 of your grain foods whole grains; vary vegetable choices

vegetables

phytochemicals, fiber, beta-carotene

the basic premiere of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes which of the following statements?

the Dietary Guidelines are designed to promote good health and reduce the risk of major nutrition-related chronic health conditions

what is the maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most people?

tolerable upper intake level (UL)

traditional ethnic diets are often based on

unrefined grains; small amounts of animal foods; large amounts of locally grown fruits and vegetables

a health claim could be included on a food label with

19% of DV for vitamin A

the RDA is established by adding *blank* to the EAR

a "margin of safety"

in the protein-rich food group, choose foods that are classified as protein-rich and non-meat

eggs, beans, and nuts; tofu and seeds

plant foods in the protein foods group include

lentils; navy beans; nuts

grain

popcorn

according to MyPlate, which of the following is equivalent to a standard serving in the protein foods group?

1/4 cup of cooked dry beans; 1 egg; 1 ounce of meat

protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin are most frequently in which food group?

dairy

which is true about the role of diet in health?

diet is only one aspect of lifestyle that affects health

standards for planning nutritious diets for groups of people are called

dietary reference intake

the estimated energy requirement is used to determine the caloric needs of the average person after considering which of the following data?

height; physical activity pattern; weight; sex

fruits

phytochemicals, potassium, vitamin C

dairy

protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin

MyPlate encourages consumers to imagine the size of a bar of soap in order to estimate a serving size for which food groups?

proteins

Dietary Reference Intakes are intended to help people

reduce their risk of nutrient deficiencies; lower disease risk; achieve optimal health

the typical American diet of those 2 years and older dos not provide enough

fat-free and low-fat milk; fruits and vegetables

a diet rich in whole grains will contain more *blank* than a diet primarily composed of refined grain

fiber

identify the basic goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan; limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake; focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount of food; shift to healthier food and beverage choices

which federal agency monitors food and beverage labeling in the US?

food and drug administration

according to MyPlate, 1 cup of cooked rice is equivalent to

2 servings from the grain group

which nutrient standard is set to meet or exceed 97.5% of the requirement for nearly all healthy Americans?

RDAs

what are the appropriate uses of the DRI standards?

to prevent disease; to ensure that one specific nutrient is not overconsumed; to achieve optimal health; to reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies

the nutrient categories that the daily values have been set for include

vitamins; several minerals