Chapter 3 Pre-Lecture
_____ proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and act as passageways for water-soluble materials into or out of the cell.
transport
What is the network of sacs and tubules that extends off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?
Endoplasmic Recticulum
Key genetic sequences suggest that Archaea are more closely related to members of domain _________ than they are to members of the domain Bacteria.
Eukarya
Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ____ than they are to members of domain Bacteria.
Eukarya
Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are organisms in the domain?
Eukarya
Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea
Evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes Molecules that compose the membranes
T or F: Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms
True
True or False: Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms.
True
Plant cells have large central _____ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.
centrioles
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules comprise the ______ which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.
cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules comprise the ____ which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.
cytoskeleton
The cell membrane can be described as a(n) ______ mosaic because many of the diverse components can move freely within the cell membrane.
fluid
The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is _______ meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water but the tails of a phospholipid are _____ and thus face away from water.
hydrophilic; hydrophobic
What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes?
lysosome
Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a ______
mitochondria
In eukaryotic cells the DNA that codes for the cells proteins is stored in a membrane bounded organelle called the
nucleus
The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) _____ which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.
phospholipid
______ proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and act as passageways for water soluble materials into or out of the cell.
transport
What are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- Ribosomes - Cytoplasm - DNA
Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes. - mitochondria - phospholipids - steroids - proteins
- phospholipids - steroids - proteins
Select all of the functions of cell walls. - store genetic material - prevent the cell from bursting - regulate cell volume - impart shape - organize microtubules
- prevent the cell from bursting - regulate cell volume - impart shape
Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800's
All cells orginate from preexisting cells All organisms are made of one or more cells The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.
What surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection.
Cell Wall
What surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection?
Cell Wall
The rigid ______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.
Cell wall
What plant organelle contains photosynthetic pigments?
Chloroplast
Protists, plants, fungi and animals are organisms in the domain?
Eukarya
The cell membrane can be described as a _____ mosaic because many of the diverse components can move freely within the cell membrane.
Fluid
The ____ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.
Golgi apparatus
the phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is ______ meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water but the tails are _____ and thus face away from water
Hydrophilic; Hydrophobic
All cells have a cell ____ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment
Membrane
All cells have a cell _____ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.
Membrane
_____ Cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.
Prokaryotic
Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Ribosomes, RNA, cytoplasm, DNA
What structure is part of the endomembrane system and has ribosomes covering its exterior?
Rough endoplasmic recticulum
_____ Microscopes bounce electrons off the outside of a metal-coated three-dimensional object to observe the exterior texture.
Scanning Electron
Plant cells have large central ______ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.
Vaculoes
Domain Eukarya includes _______.
all organisms with eukaryotic cells
Domain eukarya includes
all organisms with eukaryotic cells
The rigid _____ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.
cell wall
What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?
central vacuole
The organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells is the ______ which is a type of plastid.
chloroplast
Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.
enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells transport substances into and out of the cell
Organelles called lysosomes contain _____ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.
enzymes
The cell wall openings in plant cells called plasmodesmata are most similar to ___ junctions in animal cells?
gap
What is the function of a ribosome?
manufacture proteins
All cells have a cell ___ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and it's environment.
membrane
All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the
outside environment
All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the ______.
outside environment
Biological membranes are selectively ______ meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell.
permeable
biological membranes are selectively ______ meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell
permeable
What is the most ancient type of life on earth?
prokaryotes
Select a component of the cell membrane that is able to move laterally within the membrane giving it the description of a fluid mosaic.
proteins
The endoplasmic _____ is a network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell.
recticulum
Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.
rough
Archaea are
single celled prokaryotes
Archaea are?
single celled prokaryotes
Lipids, detoxifying enzymes , and membrane components are produced and stored in the ____________ endoplasmic reticulum.
smooth
What structure is in the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior?
smooth endoplasmic recticulum
Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called
vesicles
What are the structures that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?
vesicles
Select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell. - detoxification of chemicals - aid for cell division - structural support - transportation - production of most of the cells ATP
- aid for cell division - structural support - transportation
Select all of the following types of organisms that usually have cell walls. - algae - animals - bacteria - archaea - plants - fungi
- algae - bacteria - archaea - plants - fungi
What are the differences between Domain Bacteria and Archaea
- evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes - molecules that compose the membranes
Select all of the following that correctly describe Archaean cells. - lack nuclei and organelles - eukaryotic - most have cell walls - can have flagella - arose before bacteria
- lack nuclei and organelles - most have cell walls - can have flagella
Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer without the assistance of transport proteins. - ions and polar molecules - small nonpolar molecules - O2 and CO2 - lipids
- small nonpolar molecules - O2 and CO2 - lipids
Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of
Cells
Select all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain Bacteria
Important decomposers and producers Earths oldest organisms Some live in human intestines and help with digestion Some are used to make pharmaceuticals
Select all of the following that correctly describe Archaean cells.
Lack nuclei and organelles Most have cell walls Can have flagella
What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true color views of cells?
Light microscope
What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true-color views of cells?
Light microscope
The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ____ which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.
Phospholipid
Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes
Phospholipids Steroids Proteins
Match each type of intercellular junction with it's correct description. - plasmodesmata - tight junctions - anchoring junctions - gap junctions - fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier - channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells. - tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells. - connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal calls in one place.
Plasmodesmata - tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells. Tight Junctions - fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier. Anchoring Junctions - connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one place. Gap Junctions - Channels for exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells.
