Chapter 3 Pre-Lecture

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_____ proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and act as passageways for water-soluble materials into or out of the cell.

transport

What is the network of sacs and tubules that extends off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

Endoplasmic Recticulum

Key genetic sequences suggest that Archaea are more closely related to members of domain _________ than they are to members of the domain Bacteria.

Eukarya

Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ____ than they are to members of domain Bacteria.

Eukarya

Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are organisms in the domain?

Eukarya

Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea

Evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes Molecules that compose the membranes

T or F: Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms

True

True or False: Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms.

True

Plant cells have large central _____ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

centrioles

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules comprise the ______ which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

cytoskeleton

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules comprise the ____ which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

cytoskeleton

The cell membrane can be described as a(n) ______ mosaic because many of the diverse components can move freely within the cell membrane.

fluid

The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is _______ meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water but the tails of a phospholipid are _____ and thus face away from water.

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes?

lysosome

Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a ______

mitochondria

In eukaryotic cells the DNA that codes for the cells proteins is stored in a membrane bounded organelle called the

nucleus

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) _____ which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

phospholipid

______ proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and act as passageways for water soluble materials into or out of the cell.

transport

What are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

- Ribosomes - Cytoplasm - DNA

Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes. - mitochondria - phospholipids - steroids - proteins

- phospholipids - steroids - proteins

Select all of the functions of cell walls. - store genetic material - prevent the cell from bursting - regulate cell volume - impart shape - organize microtubules

- prevent the cell from bursting - regulate cell volume - impart shape

Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800's

All cells orginate from preexisting cells All organisms are made of one or more cells The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.

What surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection.

Cell Wall

What surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection?

Cell Wall

The rigid ______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.

Cell wall

What plant organelle contains photosynthetic pigments?

Chloroplast

Protists, plants, fungi and animals are organisms in the domain?

Eukarya

The cell membrane can be described as a _____ mosaic because many of the diverse components can move freely within the cell membrane.

Fluid

The ____ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.

Golgi apparatus

the phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is ______ meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water but the tails are _____ and thus face away from water

Hydrophilic; Hydrophobic

All cells have a cell ____ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment

Membrane

All cells have a cell _____ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

Membrane

_____ Cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

Prokaryotic

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes, RNA, cytoplasm, DNA

What structure is part of the endomembrane system and has ribosomes covering its exterior?

Rough endoplasmic recticulum

_____ Microscopes bounce electrons off the outside of a metal-coated three-dimensional object to observe the exterior texture.

Scanning Electron

Plant cells have large central ______ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

Vaculoes

Domain Eukarya includes _______.

all organisms with eukaryotic cells

Domain eukarya includes

all organisms with eukaryotic cells

The rigid _____ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.

cell wall

What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?

central vacuole

The organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells is the ______ which is a type of plastid.

chloroplast

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells transport substances into and out of the cell

Organelles called lysosomes contain _____ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.

enzymes

The cell wall openings in plant cells called plasmodesmata are most similar to ___ junctions in animal cells?

gap

What is the function of a ribosome?

manufacture proteins

All cells have a cell ___ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and it's environment.

membrane

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the

outside environment

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the ______.

outside environment

Biological membranes are selectively ______ meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell.

permeable

biological membranes are selectively ______ meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell

permeable

What is the most ancient type of life on earth?

prokaryotes

Select a component of the cell membrane that is able to move laterally within the membrane giving it the description of a fluid mosaic.

proteins

The endoplasmic _____ is a network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell.

recticulum

Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

Archaea are

single celled prokaryotes

Archaea are?

single celled prokaryotes

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes , and membrane components are produced and stored in the ____________ endoplasmic reticulum.

smooth

What structure is in the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior?

smooth endoplasmic recticulum

Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called

vesicles

What are the structures that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

vesicles

Select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell. - detoxification of chemicals - aid for cell division - structural support - transportation - production of most of the cells ATP

- aid for cell division - structural support - transportation

Select all of the following types of organisms that usually have cell walls. - algae - animals - bacteria - archaea - plants - fungi

- algae - bacteria - archaea - plants - fungi

What are the differences between Domain Bacteria and Archaea

- evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes - molecules that compose the membranes

Select all of the following that correctly describe Archaean cells. - lack nuclei and organelles - eukaryotic - most have cell walls - can have flagella - arose before bacteria

- lack nuclei and organelles - most have cell walls - can have flagella

Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer without the assistance of transport proteins. - ions and polar molecules - small nonpolar molecules - O2 and CO2 - lipids

- small nonpolar molecules - O2 and CO2 - lipids

Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of

Cells

Select all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain Bacteria

Important decomposers and producers Earths oldest organisms Some live in human intestines and help with digestion Some are used to make pharmaceuticals

Select all of the following that correctly describe Archaean cells.

Lack nuclei and organelles Most have cell walls Can have flagella

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true color views of cells?

Light microscope

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

Light microscope

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ____ which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

Phospholipid

Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes

Phospholipids Steroids Proteins

Match each type of intercellular junction with it's correct description. - plasmodesmata - tight junctions - anchoring junctions - gap junctions - fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier - channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells. - tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells. - connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal calls in one place.

Plasmodesmata - tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells. Tight Junctions - fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier. Anchoring Junctions - connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one place. Gap Junctions - Channels for exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells.


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