Chapter 3 psychology test
the brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of
NREM-1 sleep
delta waves are most clearly associated with ______ sleep
NREM-3
night terrors occur
NREM3
the occasional experience of sleep paralysis is most likely as you awaken from
REM
Brain Regoins that area active as people learn to perform a visual-discrimation task are especially likely to be a active again later as they experience
REM sleep
evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through
REM sleep
during the course of a full nights sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in
REM sleep than NREM-1 sleep
nightmares are too _____ as night terrors are to _______
REM sleep; NREM3 sleep
circadian rhythm
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
compulsive craving for and use of a drug despite adverse consequences is an indication of
addiction
depressants are drugs such as
barbiturates and opiates
in one study, both hypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researchers face. in this experiment, hypnotized
behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized people
Although unable to report the width of a block in front of her, could grasp the block with just the right-finger thumb distance. Her experience best illustrates
blindsight
when their attention is focused on a task such as reading, people are less likely to _____ than when their mind is wandering
blink their eyes
when cocain is taken, it produces a rush of euphoria by
blocking the repute of nuerotransmitters
during REM sleep, your skeletal muscles are relaxed because messages from the motor cortex are blocked by the
brainstem
with the approach of night our body temp begins to drop
circadian rhythm
suspicousness, convulsions, and cardiac arrest are aversive reactions most closely associated with the use of
cocaine
A speciality area that focuses on the connection between brain activity and mental processes is known as
cognitive neuroscience
amphetamines ________ appetite and ______ self confidence
decrease;increase
production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is most strongly associated with
deep sleep
danger =s of using ecstasy at all-night dances
dehydration
the reckless aggressive behavior that may follow alcohol consumption best illustrates that alcohol may act as a
disinhibitor
hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associated with the theory that hypnosis involves
dissociatiom
if highly hypnotizable people are no better than others at simultaneously reading a book and listening to music, this would most clearly challenge
dissociation theory
one biological basis for addiction involves brain activity in the ___________ reward system
dopamine
which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia
drink a glass of wine
A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into the objects. This illustrates
dual processing
the simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called
dual processing
mild halluciogen
ectasy
researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for
enhancing memory
according to freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to
erotic wishes
narcolepsy
experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness
after suffering a trauma, people commonly report night,ares. one of the benefits of these nightmares is that they help
extinguish daytime fears
the greatest dancer of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to
feel powerless to overcome the addiction
sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ______ and decreases levels of the hinger-suppressing hormone ________.
ghrelin; leptin
sensory experiences that occur without an external sensory stimulus are called
hallucinations
psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input are called
hallucinogens
Hypnosis involves a state of
heightenend openess to suggestion
smokers with ______ levels if nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking
high
the divided-consciousness theory of hynosis support from evidence that
hypnotized people can endure pain without experiencing emotional distress
most college students are owls with performance _______ across the day. Older people are larks with performance ________ as the day progresses.
improving; declining
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere is called
inattentional blindness
traffic accident rates have been found to _______ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to _______ after the fall change back to standard time
increase; decrease
people who regularly sleep less than normal experience a(n) _______ risk of depression and a(n) ________ rose of obesity.
increased; increased
which theory emphasizes that dreams play a role in consolidating the day's experiences in our memories
information-processing theory
REM sleep is
inhibited by alcohol and facilitated by sleeping pills
psychoactive drugs influence neurotransmission by stimulation, mimicking, or _______ the activity of nuerotransmitters
inhibiting
according to freud, the latent content of a dream refers to
its underlying but censored meaning
while soundly asleep people cant
learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed
research on the use of addictive drugs indicate that
many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help
when cocaine is taken, it proceeds a rush of euphoria that ssts less than an hour. But the stimulant drug______ can trigger 8 hours of heightened energy and euphoria
meth
boys who tend to be fearless and impulsive at age 6 are
more likely to drink and smoke as teens
`under the influence of alcohol angered people are ______ llikey to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are _______ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.
more;more
during a heated argument with his teenage daughter he lapsed into a state of REM sleep. He suffers from
narcolepsy
which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation
neural activaton theory
change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called
neuroadaption
sleep apnea in men is linked too
obesity
near-death experiences are
often accompanied by visions of bright lights
Consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move
a capacity to monitor simultaneously the color, shape, and motion of an object best illustrates
parallel processing
research studies of the content of dreams indicate that
people are more likely to dream of failure than success
research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that
people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become absorbed in imaginative activities
physical pain and intense cravings indicate
physical dependence
exposure to bright light causes the
pineal glad to decrease the production of melatonin
which of the following has helped alleviate headaches, asthma, and stress related disorders
posthypnotic suggestion
chemical substances that ager perceptions and modes are called ____________ drugs
psychoactive
best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia
relax and drink a glass of milk before bed
people can be hypnotically induced to
report little pain from placing their arms in an ice bath
drivers are slower to detect traffic signals if they are talking on a cell phone. this illustrates the impact of
selective attention
focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called
selective attention
one plausible theory suggests that hypnotic pain relief may result from
selective attention
our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of
selective attention
the cocktail party effect provides an example of
selective attention
the pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
selective attention
consciousness is to unconsciousness as _______ is to _________.
sequential processing; parallel processing
person repeatdly stops breathing while sleeping
sleep apnea
research on sleep patterns indicate that
sleep patterns may be genetically influenced
the rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called
sleep spindles
compared with unconsciousness information processing, conscious information processing is relatively
slow and especially effective for solving new problems
neural activity that reenacts and promotes recall of prior novel experiences is most closely associated with
slow-wave sleep
the claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of
social influence
suppose that unhypnotized adults who are encouraged to act in a childlike matter. this fact would most clearly support
social influence theory
which theory suggests that hypnosis involves inducing someone to enact the role of a hypnotic subject
social influence theory
cocaine is classified as a
stimulant
sleep deprivation _______ the production of body fat by ______ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
stimulates; increasing
REM rebound involves
tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
our inability to fall asleep early, as we had planned, is a reflection of
the circadian rhythm
a need to take larger and larger doses of sleeping pills to avoid insomnia indicates
tolerance
the need to take larger doses of a drug in order to get the same affect
tolerance
although many experienced drivers cannot actually explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully grin a left to a right lane of traffic. This illustrates
unconscious processing
the human slew cycle repeats itself about every
90 minutes
