Chapter 3

Sepal

A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower.

petal

A modified leaf of a flowering plant; petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.

Gymnosperms

A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than seeds enclosed in fruits

cuticle

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.

When chlorophyll in leaves breaks down,

Yellow and orange pigments become visible

embryo

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Stamen

the male reproductive organ of a flower

To which three stimuli do plants respond?

touch, gravity, and light

A plant adaptation that helps it survive freezing temperatures and lack of liquid water is dormancy.

true

The sac inside a plant cell where water, food, and wastes are stored is the

vacuole.

Xylem

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

sporophyte

Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism

Animals that eat fruits help to pollinate their seeds by depositing them in new areas.

False

Chlorophyll speeds up that rate at which a plant's cells grow and controls a plant's response to light.

False

During photosynthesis, plants produce carbon dioxide.

False

If the statement is true, select True. If it is false, select False.

False

Nearly all plants are unicellular.

False

The blooming of poinsettias in winter and irises in spring is an example of phototropism.

False

The cell wall helps a plant retain water.

False

The critical night length for a certain plant is 10 hours. This plant will flower only when nights are shorter than 10 hours.

False

The female sex cell is the sperm.

False

The gametophyte produces spores or seeds.

False

The root like structures that anchor a moss plant and absorb water and nutrients are called rhizomes.

False

The system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, minerals, and food move is called root tissue.

False

The vascular tissue that conducts water and nutrients in a plant is phloem.

False

The young leaves of some hornworts are known as fiddleheads.

False

pistle

Female part of the flower

29. If a plant has flowers with large, colorful petals, would you expect wind or animals to disperse its pollen? Explain your reasoning.

I would think animals because animals are attracted to bright colors.

24. If you came across a tall plant in a forest, would you think it was a vascular plant or a nonvascular plant? Explain why.

I would think it would be a vascular plant because non vascular plants are low growing.

Which statement best describes a gymnosperm?

a nonvascular plant with roots, stems, and leaves

root cap

a structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury

monocot

angiosperm with one seed leaf in its ovary

Which type of plant has seeds that are encased in a protective fruit?

angiosperms

Which of the following is NOT part of a flower's pistil?

anther

23. Identify the structure labeled C in the diagram, and describe its function.

It is a cell wall and it provides support for the plant to grow.

The moss from which peat is made is

Sphagnum

Seedless vascular plants use spores to reproduce.

True

The energy for photosynthesis comes from the Sun.

True

The green pigment found in specialized plant structures is called chlorophyll.

True

The three parts of a seed are

cotyledon, seed coat, ovule

Seed Choose... germination pollination dispersal is the scattering of seeds.

disperal

ovual

egg cell

The three parts of a seed are

embryo, seed coat, ovary

zygote

fertilized egg

Which part of a plant is responsible for absorbing water and minerals and anchoring the plant?

filaments

cotyledon

first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a dicot?

floral parts often in multiples of three

Angisperms

flowering plants

In parts of Europe and Asia, people use Choose... foxglove peat seeds as a fuel to heat homes and cook food.

foxglove

fruit

fruit

Which of the following products is NOT made from angiosperms?

furniture

Which of the following is thought to be the ancestor of land plants?

green algae

biennial

happening every two years

The stems of flax plants provide fibers that can be spun and woven into the fabric Choose... linen polyester silk .

linne

Irises and lettuce flower when nights are shorter than a critical length. They can be described as

long-day plants.

Choose... Sphagnum moss Peat Green algae is often used as a thickening agent in foods.

moss

stoma

mouth

The Choose... root cap sepal stamen protects the root as it grows through the soil.

rootcap

A flower bud is protected by leaf like structures called Choose... sepals petals rhizoids .

sepals

A flower bud is protected by leaf like structures called Choose... sepals petals rhizoids .

speals

Choose... Pollen Cilia Stomata on the surface of a leaf control the movement of gases into and out of the leaf.

stomana

Choose... Pollen Cilia Stomata on the surface of a leaf control the movement of gases into and out of the leaf.

stomna

Which of the following is NOT part of a flower's pistil?

style

vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

22. Identify the structure labeled B in the diagram, and describe its function.

It is a vacuole and it stores many substances.

tissue

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

perennial

(adj.) lasting for a long time, persistent; (n.) a plant that lives for many years

Plants play a role in the environment by

- Preventing soil from washing away - Providing habitats for animals - Providing food for animals - Providing food for humans

Cambium

A layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells.

A tree has 24 light rings and 24 dark rings. The tree is Choose... 12 24 48 years old.

12

A tree has 24 light rings and 24 dark rings. The tree is Choose... 12 24 48 years old.

24

pollen

A fine dust that contains the sperm of seed-producing plants

ovary

A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

25. What characteristics do plants share?

All plants are eukaryotes that contain many cells and are autotrophs.

dicot

An angiosperm that has two seed leaves

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

non-vascular plants

Do not have any tissues to transport water and nutrients

Germination

Early growth stage of a plant embryo

Transpiration

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

All flowering plants are gymnosperms.

False

26. Identify the structure labeled A in the diagram, and tell what it contains.

It is the capsule. The capsule contains spores for reproduction.

Phloem

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

annual

Occurring every year

vascular tissue

Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.

28. Explain how plants are important in our everyday lives.

Plants help us in our everyday lives by giving us food.

Fertilization

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

frond

The leaf of a fern plant

seed

The plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering

cone

The reproductive structure of a gymnosperm.

flower

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm

gametophyte

The stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants

21. Identify the structures labeled A in the diagram, and describe their function.

They are chloroplast and they are the structures that food is made.

27. Identify the structure labeled D in the diagram, and describe its function.

They are rhizoids. They anchor the moss and absorb water.

Which of the following is NOT true of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts?

They have true roots, stems, and leaves.

A plant's roots grow away from a rock they hit in the soil. This is an example of a positive thigmotropism.

True

After a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower, a pollen tube grows down into the ovule.

True

Angiosperm species outnumber all other land plant species by about seven to one.

True

Grafting is an example of asexual reproduction.

True

Most gymnosperms produce both male and female fruit.

True

Which part of a plant is responsible for absorbing water and minerals and anchoring the plant?

anthers

Organisms that produce their own food are called

autotrophs

Sphagnum moss grows in a type of wetland called a Choose... bog marsh swamp .

bog

Two structures found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells are

cell wall and chloroplasts.

The ovules of a pine tree are found in its

cones

The rosin that is used by athletes and musicians come from the sap of

conifers

Turpentine is made from Choose... oak conifer rubber tree sap.

connifer

The hollow structure at the base of a pistil that protects seeds as they develop is the Choose... ovary stamen stomata .

ovary

peat

partially decayed plant matter found in bogs

Because it lives for many years, a maple tree is a(n)

perennial

vascular plants

plants with true vascular tissue

Animals are helpful to plants in the process of

pollination

Many angiosperms rely on animals for

pollination

If plant roots did not absorb water, the water could flow over the land picking up substances that might Choose... dilute condense pollute rivers or drinking water supplies.

pollute

A plant stem that grows toward light is an example of a

positive phototropism.

The Choose... root cap sepal stamen protects the root as it grows through the soil.

root cap

rhiziod

root-like structure that lacks water conducting tissues

The product of the union of sperm and egg is a(n)

zygote