Chapter 3
Sepal
A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower.
petal
A modified leaf of a flowering plant; petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.
Gymnosperms
A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than seeds enclosed in fruits
cuticle
A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.
When chlorophyll in leaves breaks down,
Yellow and orange pigments become visible
embryo
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
Stamen
the male reproductive organ of a flower
To which three stimuli do plants respond?
touch, gravity, and light
A plant adaptation that helps it survive freezing temperatures and lack of liquid water is dormancy.
true
The sac inside a plant cell where water, food, and wastes are stored is the
vacuole.
Xylem
vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
Photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
sporophyte
Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism
Animals that eat fruits help to pollinate their seeds by depositing them in new areas.
False
Chlorophyll speeds up that rate at which a plant's cells grow and controls a plant's response to light.
False
During photosynthesis, plants produce carbon dioxide.
False
If the statement is true, select True. If it is false, select False.
False
Nearly all plants are unicellular.
False
The blooming of poinsettias in winter and irises in spring is an example of phototropism.
False
The cell wall helps a plant retain water.
False
The critical night length for a certain plant is 10 hours. This plant will flower only when nights are shorter than 10 hours.
False
The female sex cell is the sperm.
False
The gametophyte produces spores or seeds.
False
The root like structures that anchor a moss plant and absorb water and nutrients are called rhizomes.
False
The system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, minerals, and food move is called root tissue.
False
The vascular tissue that conducts water and nutrients in a plant is phloem.
False
The young leaves of some hornworts are known as fiddleheads.
False
pistle
Female part of the flower
29. If a plant has flowers with large, colorful petals, would you expect wind or animals to disperse its pollen? Explain your reasoning.
I would think animals because animals are attracted to bright colors.
24. If you came across a tall plant in a forest, would you think it was a vascular plant or a nonvascular plant? Explain why.
I would think it would be a vascular plant because non vascular plants are low growing.
Which statement best describes a gymnosperm?
a nonvascular plant with roots, stems, and leaves
root cap
a structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury
monocot
angiosperm with one seed leaf in its ovary
Which type of plant has seeds that are encased in a protective fruit?
angiosperms
Which of the following is NOT part of a flower's pistil?
anther
23. Identify the structure labeled C in the diagram, and describe its function.
It is a cell wall and it provides support for the plant to grow.
The moss from which peat is made is
Sphagnum
Seedless vascular plants use spores to reproduce.
True
The energy for photosynthesis comes from the Sun.
True
The green pigment found in specialized plant structures is called chlorophyll.
True
The three parts of a seed are
cotyledon, seed coat, ovule
Seed Choose... germination pollination dispersal is the scattering of seeds.
disperal
ovual
egg cell
The three parts of a seed are
embryo, seed coat, ovary
zygote
fertilized egg
Which part of a plant is responsible for absorbing water and minerals and anchoring the plant?
filaments
cotyledon
first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a dicot?
floral parts often in multiples of three
Angisperms
flowering plants
In parts of Europe and Asia, people use Choose... foxglove peat seeds as a fuel to heat homes and cook food.
foxglove
fruit
fruit
Which of the following products is NOT made from angiosperms?
furniture
Which of the following is thought to be the ancestor of land plants?
green algae
biennial
happening every two years
The stems of flax plants provide fibers that can be spun and woven into the fabric Choose... linen polyester silk .
linne
Irises and lettuce flower when nights are shorter than a critical length. They can be described as
long-day plants.
Choose... Sphagnum moss Peat Green algae is often used as a thickening agent in foods.
moss
stoma
mouth
The Choose... root cap sepal stamen protects the root as it grows through the soil.
rootcap
A flower bud is protected by leaf like structures called Choose... sepals petals rhizoids .
sepals
A flower bud is protected by leaf like structures called Choose... sepals petals rhizoids .
speals
Choose... Pollen Cilia Stomata on the surface of a leaf control the movement of gases into and out of the leaf.
stomana
Choose... Pollen Cilia Stomata on the surface of a leaf control the movement of gases into and out of the leaf.
stomna
Which of the following is NOT part of a flower's pistil?
style
vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
22. Identify the structure labeled B in the diagram, and describe its function.
It is a vacuole and it stores many substances.
tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
perennial
(adj.) lasting for a long time, persistent; (n.) a plant that lives for many years
Plants play a role in the environment by
- Preventing soil from washing away - Providing habitats for animals - Providing food for animals - Providing food for humans
Cambium
A layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells.
A tree has 24 light rings and 24 dark rings. The tree is Choose... 12 24 48 years old.
12
A tree has 24 light rings and 24 dark rings. The tree is Choose... 12 24 48 years old.
24
pollen
A fine dust that contains the sperm of seed-producing plants
ovary
A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.
Chlorophyll
A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
25. What characteristics do plants share?
All plants are eukaryotes that contain many cells and are autotrophs.
dicot
An angiosperm that has two seed leaves
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
non-vascular plants
Do not have any tissues to transport water and nutrients
Germination
Early growth stage of a plant embryo
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
All flowering plants are gymnosperms.
False
26. Identify the structure labeled A in the diagram, and tell what it contains.
It is the capsule. The capsule contains spores for reproduction.
Phloem
Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant
annual
Occurring every year
vascular tissue
Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
28. Explain how plants are important in our everyday lives.
Plants help us in our everyday lives by giving us food.
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
frond
The leaf of a fern plant
seed
The plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering
cone
The reproductive structure of a gymnosperm.
flower
The reproductive structure of an angiosperm
gametophyte
The stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells.
Pollination
The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants
21. Identify the structures labeled A in the diagram, and describe their function.
They are chloroplast and they are the structures that food is made.
27. Identify the structure labeled D in the diagram, and describe its function.
They are rhizoids. They anchor the moss and absorb water.
Which of the following is NOT true of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts?
They have true roots, stems, and leaves.
A plant's roots grow away from a rock they hit in the soil. This is an example of a positive thigmotropism.
True
After a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower, a pollen tube grows down into the ovule.
True
Angiosperm species outnumber all other land plant species by about seven to one.
True
Grafting is an example of asexual reproduction.
True
Most gymnosperms produce both male and female fruit.
True
Which part of a plant is responsible for absorbing water and minerals and anchoring the plant?
anthers
Organisms that produce their own food are called
autotrophs
Sphagnum moss grows in a type of wetland called a Choose... bog marsh swamp .
bog
Two structures found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells are
cell wall and chloroplasts.
The ovules of a pine tree are found in its
cones
The rosin that is used by athletes and musicians come from the sap of
conifers
Turpentine is made from Choose... oak conifer rubber tree sap.
connifer
The hollow structure at the base of a pistil that protects seeds as they develop is the Choose... ovary stamen stomata .
ovary
peat
partially decayed plant matter found in bogs
Because it lives for many years, a maple tree is a(n)
perennial
vascular plants
plants with true vascular tissue
Animals are helpful to plants in the process of
pollination
Many angiosperms rely on animals for
pollination
If plant roots did not absorb water, the water could flow over the land picking up substances that might Choose... dilute condense pollute rivers or drinking water supplies.
pollute
A plant stem that grows toward light is an example of a
positive phototropism.
The Choose... root cap sepal stamen protects the root as it grows through the soil.
root cap
rhiziod
root-like structure that lacks water conducting tissues
The product of the union of sperm and egg is a(n)
zygote