Chapter 3 questions
7) Discuss the four stages of mitosis.
Answer: 1. Prophase—chromatin threads coil and shorten so that visible bar-like bodies, called chromosomes, appear. Each chromosome is made up of two strands, called chromatids, which are held together by a centromere. Additionally, the centrioles separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell, directing the assembly of the mitotic spindle (composed of microtubules) between them as they move. 2. Metaphase—the chromosomes cluster and align in the center of the spindle, midway between the centrioles, forming a straight line of chromosomes. 3. Anaphase—the centromeres split and the chromosomes move slowly apart toward opposite ends of the cell. A cleavage furrow appears over the midline of the spindle and eventually pinches the cytoplasmic mass into two parts in a process called cytokinesis. 4. Telophase—the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell and their movement ends, and they then uncoil and become chromatin again. A nuclear membrane then forms around each chromatin mass, the spindle breaks down and disappears, and nucleoli re-appear in each of the daughter nuclei. Finally, cytokinesis produces two separate daughter cells. Page Ref: 84-85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding\
6) Discuss the two main phases that occur during protein synthesis.
Answer: 1. Transcription (DNA-directed synthesis of mRNA)-one strand of DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of the complementary mRNA molecule, and there is a transfer of information from the DNA's base sequence into the complementary base sequence of mRNA (codon). 2. Translation (RNA-directed synthesis of a polypeptide or protein) involves five steps. First, mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes. Second, tRNA (anticodon) transports an amino acid to the mRNA strand and recognizes a mRNA molecule (codon). Third, the codon and the anticodon bind. Fourth, the ribosome moves the mRNA strand along as each codon is read sequentially. Finally, as each amino acid is bound to the next by a polypeptide bond, its tRNA is released. The polypeptide or protein chain is released when the termination (stop) codon is read. Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) Describe the classification and naming scheme for epithelial tissues.
Answer: Epithelial tissues are named based on two features: the number of cell layers and the predominant cell shape. If the epithelial tissue has one layer, it is called a simple tissue. Two or more layers qualifies the tissue as stratified. Cells can be flat in shape (squamous), cube-shaped (cuboidal), or brick-shaped (columnar). The viewer should look toward the apical surface for the most mature cells in the tissue for the cell shape. When naming the epithelial tissue, place the number of cell layers first (such as simple) followed by the cell shape (such as squamous). Page Ref: 89 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) Explain the difference between filtration and osmosis.
Answer: Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid (hydrostatic pressure). Hydrostatic pressure is exerted by the blood. By contrast, osmosis is a type of diffusion in which water moves across a membrane through aquaporins. During osmosis, water moves down its concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium. Page Ref: 77-78 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) Stranded on an island, you have two sources of water to drink: salty ocean water and contaminated fresh water. Explain your choice of drinking water and indicate why your selection is the best choice.
Answer: The contaminated fresh water is the better choice to drink, because this water is hypotonic to your cells. Your cells will become rehydrated and bloat with the fluid when you drink. The salty ocean water is hypertonic to your cells and will cause your cells to dehydrate and shrivel as water leaves the cell. Page Ref: 79 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
32) Type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds tissues together
connective tissue Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
24) Type of tissue that has an apical surface and a basement membrane
epithelial tissue Page Ref: 89 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) Microvilli
increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption Page Ref: 74 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) Cytoskeleton
internal framework composed of a network of protein structures Page Ref: 70 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) Chromosomes align at the center of the spindle
metaphase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
26) Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement
muscle tissue Page Ref: 98 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
28) Type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord
nervous tissue Page Ref: 100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
34) Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity
nervous tissue Page Ref: 100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
21) Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins
osmosis Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Mitochondria
site of ATP synthesis Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) Lysosomes
site of intracellular digestion Page Ref: 69 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) Smooth ER
synthesizes cholesterol and fat Page Ref: 68 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
42) Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________. A) inflammation B) regeneration C) fibrosis D) scarring E) clotting
Answer: B Page Ref: 101 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________. A) mitochondrion B) Golgi apparatus C) cytoskeleton D) peroxisome E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B Page Ref: 69 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
29) If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________. A) CAU-CGU B) CAT-CGT C) GAU-GCU D) GAT-GCT E) ACG-ATT
Answer: B Page Ref: 83 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
20) The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________. A) codon B) gene C) anticodon D) amino acid
Answer: B Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
41) The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________. A) adipose B) cartilage C) bone D) blood E) areolar
Answer: B Page Ref: 94 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4) Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells are cells that move organs and body parts.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 75 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22) The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________. A) prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase B) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase C) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase D) telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase E) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Answer: E Page Ref: 84-85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) Diffusion occurs when molecules move against their concentration gradients.
Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
26) Which of the following represents a segment of RNA? A) AUGUCA B) ATGCTA C) TGCGTT D) CTGTGG E) GTCATA
Answer: A Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
14) What is required for diffusion to occur? A) protein carrier or channel B) concentration gradient C) ATP D) solute pump E) ribosomes
Answer: B Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water. A) water-loving B) hydrophilic C) polar D) hydrophobic
Answer: D Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. A) utilize ATP B) employ protein pumps C) transport substances against their concentration gradients D) do not require ATP E) include exocytosis and endocytosis
Answer: D Page Ref: 76 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
31) The cell shown in Figure 3.2 has been placed into a(n) ________ solution. A) hypertonic B) hypotonic C) isotonic D) equilibrium
Answer: B Page Ref: 79 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
23) The process of transcription ________. A) produces ATP from glucose and oxygen B) transfers information from DNA into mRNA C) occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell D) creates proteins from mRNA E) translates nucleic acids into amino acids
Answer: B Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
34) The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________. A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) brain tissue
Answer: B Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
38) Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. A) exocrine B) endocrine C) sebaceous D) ceruminous E) sudoriferous
Answer: B Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
24) The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ________. A) epithelial tissues B) connective tissues C) muscle tissues D) nervous tissues
Answer: B Page Ref: 94 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
31) Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses via cells called neurons? A) epithelial tissue B) muscle tissue C) nervous tissue D) connective tissue E) dense tissue
Answer: C Page Ref: 100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
40) The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________. A) cardiac muscle B) skeletal muscle C) smooth muscle D) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle E) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
Answer: C Page Ref: 100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
43) Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected? A) hyperplasia B) neoplasm C) atrophy D) benign E) malignant
Answer: C Page Ref: 103 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle? A) mitochondrion B) Golgi apparatus C) flagellum D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) peroxisome
Answer: C Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 76 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) Active processes, such as solute pumping, use ATP.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 78, 80 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer, such as vincristine, interfere with the creation of mitotic spindle fibers of a cell. Explain how this drug affects mitosis.
Answer: The mitotic spindle is formed during prophase by centrioles. This spindle guides the movement of chromosomes later as mitosis progresses. By late prophase, the spindle has attached to the centromere of each chromosome. Without the creation of the spindle fibers, chromosomes cannot successfully be separated as mitosis progresses through anaphase. Page Ref: 84-85 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
2) Describe the structural organization of the nucleus of a cell.
Answer: The nucleus of a cell has three recognizable regions or structures: the nuclear envelope (membrane), nucleolus, and chromatin. The nuclear envelope forms a boundary, is a double membrane with pores, and surrounds the nucleoplasm. The nucleus also contains one or more nucleoli, sites where ribosomes are assembled. When cell division is not occurring, DNA is wound around proteins (histones) to form chromatin, which is scattered throughout the nucleus. Page Ref: 63-64 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4) Explain what is meant by selective permeability in reference to the plasma membrane.
Answer: The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier. Selective permeability means that a barrier allows some substances to pass through it while excluding others. The plasma membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell but keeps many undesirable or unnecessary substances out. At the same time, valuable cell proteins and other substances are kept within the cell, and wastes are allowed to pass out of it. Page Ref: 76 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
1) Drinking too much water over a short period of time can disrupt the electrolyte balance in the body (called water intoxication or hypotonic hydration). Explain how cells respond to an environment with less solutes than their intracellular fluid.
Answer: This solution is hypotonic to the cells since it contains less solutes than the body's cells. In these solutions, cells rapidly swell and fill with water in an attempt to reach equilibrium. Cells may also burst, or lyse. Page Ref: 79 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
8) A fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin A, is moving down its concentration gradient into a cell. What type of membrane transport is responsible for its movement? Describe this process.
Answer: Vitamin A is moving via simple diffusion, a type of passive transport. Passive transport requires no energy input from the cell. Vitamin A is moving from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated. This vitamin is moving without assistance through the plasma membrane. Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
30) Type of tissue that contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers
connective tissue Page Ref: 94 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
33) Type of tissue that can be classified as loose or dense
connective tissue Page Ref: 94, 97 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
23) Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis
endocytosis Page Ref: 81 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) Golgi apparatus
packages substances for release from cell Page Ref: 69 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) Centrioles separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell
prophase Page Ref: 84-85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
18) Nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappear
prophase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
20) Type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP
solute pumping Page Ref: 80 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
15) Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
anaphase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16) Chromosomes stop moving at the completion of this phase
anaphase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
25) Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix
connective tissue Page Ref: 94 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
27) Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified
epithelial tissue Page Ref: 89 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
31) Type of tissue that is common in glands and their ducts
epithelial tissue Page Ref: 90, 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) Nucleus
genetic control center of the cell Page Ref: 63 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
29) Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary
muscle tissue Page Ref: 98 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
19) A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell. A) The cell will shrink. B) The cell will not change in size or shape. C) The cell will bloat. D) The cell will rupture. E) The cell will lyse.
Answer: A Page Ref: 79 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
18) Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? A) facilitated diffusion and solute pumping B) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport C) vesicular transport and osmosis D) osmosis and filtration E) filtration and exocytosis
Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
27) DNA replication takes place during ________. A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase
Answer: A Page Ref: 82-83 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
20) The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________. A) interphase B) mitosis C) metaphase D) prophase E) cytokinesis
Answer: A Page Ref: 83-84 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
48) A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected? A) prophase B) telophase C) anaphase D) metaphase E) interphase
Answer: A Page Ref: 84-85 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
21) The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________. A) transcription; translation B) replication; mitosis C) mitosis; cytokinesis D) transcription; replication
Answer: A Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
30) A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________. A) simple squamous epithelium B) simple columnar epithelium C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium E) transitional epithelium
Answer: A Page Ref: 89-90 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
26) The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is ________. A) simple columnar B) simple cuboidal C) pseudostratified columnar D) simple squamous
Answer: A Page Ref: 90 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
28) ________ tissue is commonly called fat. A) Adipose B) Bone C) Reticular D) Dense fibrous
Answer: A Page Ref: 98 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
30) Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ________. A) epithelial tissue B) nervous tissue C) loose connective tissue D) dense connective tissue
Answer: B Page Ref: 100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
46) Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers? A) blood B) scar tissue C) transitional epithelium D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium E) simple cuboidal epithelium
Answer: B Page Ref: 101 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
14) The matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubbery matrix.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 94 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
1) Cilia Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface
4) Microtubules
cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) List the three different types of RNA and identify their functions.
Answer: 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the "message" containing instructions for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of the "ribosomal" structure and helps coordinate the protein building process. 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports an amino acid to the ribosomal site and recognizes the mRNA codons. Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22) Type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient
diffusion Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) Cytokinesis is completed
telophase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
14) Nucleoli appear in each daughter cell
telophase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
17) Spindle breaks down and disappears
telophase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
19) Cleavage furrow squeezes the cell into two parts
telophase Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
29) ________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs. A) Smooth B) Cardiac C) Skeletal D) Dense regular
Answer: A Page Ref: 100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
50) What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)? A) inflammation B) formation of scar tissue C) formation of granulation tissue D) fibrosis E) regeneration
Answer: A Page Ref: 102 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________. A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusions B) cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoli C) cytosol, organelles, and nucleoli D) organelles, inclusions, and nucleoli E) organelles, inclusions, and ribosomes
Answer: A Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________. A) organelles B) cilia C) flagella D) microvilli
Answer: A Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16) A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell. A) hypotonic B) hypertonic C) intravenous D) isotonic E) Ringer's lactate
Answer: A Page Ref: 79 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) Stratified squamous epithelium forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the mouth, and the lining of the esophagus.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? A) The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines function. B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells. C) Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. D) The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities. E) The continuity of life has a cellular basis.
Answer: B Page Ref: 63 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell? A) cytosol, cytoplasm, and intracellular fluid B) nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane C) nuclear envelope, DNA, and nuclear pores D) nucleus, intracellular fluid, organelles E) cytoplasm, plasma membrane, extracellular fluid
Answer: B Page Ref: 63 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) microvilli
Answer: B Page Ref: 66 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________. A) desmosomes B) gap (communicating) junctions C) inclusions D) microvilli E) tight junctions
Answer: B Page Ref: 66 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________. A) Golgi apparatus B) mitochondrion C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) lysosome
Answer: B Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________. A) nucleolus B) cytoplasm C) interstitial fluid D) extracellular fluid
Answer: B Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________. A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) peroxisome D) ribosome E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B Page Ref: 69 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion? A) ATP B) protein carrier or channel C) lysosomes D) aquaporins E) solute pumps
Answer: B Page Ref: 77-78 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria? A) facilitated diffusion B) phagocytosis C) exocytosis D) pinocytosis E) filtration
Answer: B Page Ref: 81 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
18) The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________. A) anaphase B) interphase C) metaphase D) telophase
Answer: B Page Ref: 82-83 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus? A) nuclear envelope B) nucleolus C) Golgi apparatus D) chromatin E) nuclear pores
Answer: C Page Ref: 63-64 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) ________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart. A) Tight junctions B) Gap junctions C) Desmosomes D) Cytoplasm
Answer: C Page Ref: 66 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
45) Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile? A) ribosomes B) smooth ER C) flagella D) peroxisomes E) cytoplasm
Answer: C Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
14) What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid? A) nucleus B) cytoskeleton C) plasma membrane D) mitochondrion
Answer: C Page Ref: 76 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) What is required for osmosis to occur? A) pressure gradient B) solute pump C) aquaporins D) sodium-potassium pump E) vesicles
Answer: C Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
15) What is required for filtration to occur? A) ATP B) solute pumps C) pressure gradient D) protein carriers
Answer: C Page Ref: 78 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16) The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________. A) adenine; cytosine B) uracil; guanine C) thymine; guanine D) guanine; thymine
Answer: C Page Ref: 83 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
19) What process results in the exact duplication of DNA? A) metaphase B) prophase C) DNA replication D) protein synthesis
Answer: C Page Ref: 83 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
28) During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA? A) thymine B) adenine C) uracil D) cytosine E) guanine
Answer: C Page Ref: 83 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
17) In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________. A) mitosis B) interphase C) cytokinesis D) meiosis
Answer: C Page Ref: 84, 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
24) Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________. A) anticodons B) deoxyribose sugars C) codons D) ribosomes E) amino acids
Answer: C Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22) Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________. A) organs B) organ systems C) tissues D) atoms
Answer: C Page Ref: 88 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
51) The tissue shown in Figure 3.3 most likely ________. A) contracts to produce movement B) transmits electrochemical impulses C) covers and lines body surfaces D) stores fat E) contains a matrix
Answer: C Page Ref: 92, 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
47) Which type of connective tissue is avascular? A) adipose B) bone C) cartilages D) areolar E) reticular
Answer: C Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
1) The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________. A) nucleus B) element C) cytoplasm D) cell E) organelle
Answer: D Page Ref: 62 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order. 1. The protein folds into its functional shape. 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle. 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER. A) 1, 3, 2, 4 B) 4, 1, 2, 3 C) 1, 3, 4, 2 D) 4, 1, 3, 2
Answer: D Page Ref: 69 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) endocytosis C) solute pumping D) osmosis
Answer: D Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
15) What are two types of endocytosis? A) cellular secretion and solute pumping B) solute pumping and active transport C) active transport and phagocytosis D) phagocytosis and pinocytosis E) pinocytosis and passive transport
Answer: D Page Ref: 81 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
25) Some antibiotics inhibit tRNA from delivering amino acids to the ribosome. What process cannot be completed? A) transcription B) mitosis C) replication D) translation E) cytokinesis
Answer: D Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
23) Which of the following is NOT a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues? A) Epithelial tissues have a basement membrane. B) Epithelial tissues have an apical surface. C) Epithelial tissues fit closely to form continuous sheets. D) Epithelial tissues are well vascularized.
Answer: D Page Ref: 88-89 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
25) ________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces. A) Endocrine B) Adrenal C) Thyroid D) Exocrine
Answer: D Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
32) Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue? A) bone B) hyaline cartilage C) blood D) skeletal muscle E) loose adipose
Answer: D Page Ref: 94-98 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
27) Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________. A) skeletal muscle tissue B) loose connective tissue C) areolar connective tissue D) dense connective (fibrous) tissue
Answer: D Page Ref: 97 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
44) Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________. A) muscle tissue B) loose connective tissue C) epithelial tissue D) dense connective tissue E) nervous tissue
Answer: D Page Ref: 97 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
37) Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow. A) adipose tissue B) dense connective tissue C) areolar tissue D) reticular connective tissue E) osseous tissue
Answer: D Page Ref: 98 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
39) What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue? A) presence of striations B) long, slow contractions C) presence of intercalated discs D) involuntary contractions E) presence of short, branching cells
Answer: D Page Ref: 98-100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
49) Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured? A) cardiac muscle tissue B) dense connective tissue C) skeletal muscle tissue D) nervous tissue E) epithelial tissue
Answer: E Page Ref: 102 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
17) Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion? A) carbon dioxide B) water C) oxygen D) fat-soluble vitamins E) glucose
Answer: E Page Ref: 77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
21) The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________. A) ATP B) messenger RNA (mRNA) C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) D) DNA E) transfer RNA (tRNA)
Answer: E Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
33) Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs? A) simple cuboidal epithelium B) stratified squamous epithelium C) simple squamous epithelium D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium E) transitional epithelium
Answer: E Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
35) Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells? A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) simple cuboidal epithelium E) stratified squamous epithelium
Answer: E Page Ref: 93 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
36) Bone is best described as ________. A) dense connective tissue B) epithelial tissue C) adipose tissue D) areolar tissue E) osseous tissue
Answer: E Page Ref: 94 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water.
Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) Ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm.
Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) Osmosis takes place when water goes from an area of low water concentration to an area of high water concentration.
Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 84, 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) Translation is the stage of protein synthesis during which a complementary mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template.
Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 86 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
15) Muscle tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 98, 100 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
1) Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 64 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, whereas mitosis is the division of the nucleus.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 84, 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) Mitotic spindles guide the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) The four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 88 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
