Chapter 3 Quiz

The idea of schemas is important to ________ theory.

Piaget's cognitive development

Before Piaget, people were more likely to believe that the child's mind is _______.

a miniature model of the adult's

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is typical of a(n) ________ parenting style.

authoritarian

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' states of mind is most characteristic of _______.

autism

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers' _______.

body odors

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is turned upside down. The child apparently lacks a ________.

concept of conservation

Which of the following terms refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills?

crystallized intelligence

Chromosomes are composed of _______.

deoxyribonucleic acid

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________ psychologist.

developmental

Compared with a century ago, menarche occurs ________ in life and adult independence begins _______ in life.

earlier; later

Menopause involves a decline in ______.

fertility

As adults age, they show the greatest declines in ______ and in the memory capacities needed to recall information.

fluid intelligence

An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called the ________.

genome

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of _______ attachment.

insecure

According to Erikson, older people can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of _______.

integrity

Compared with the children of authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are _______ likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and _______ likely to demonstrate social competence.

more; more

In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of _______ interactions.

nature-nurture

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a sense of _______.

object permanence

When touched on the cheek, infants reflexively ________.

open their mouths

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

personality traits

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the ________.

placenta

Obie believes that violating government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

postconventional

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality.

preconventional

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by Erikson's ______ theory.

psychosocial development

Songy acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Songy is experiencing ________.

role confusion

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side. Adam is displaying signs of ________.

secure attachment

Can the bad habits we learned in childhood be overcome in adulthood? This question relates to the issue of ______.

stability or change

Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of ________.

temperament

Taking certain drugs during pregnancy is likely to expose unborn children to _______.

teratogens

When a child realizes that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false, the child has developed a ________.

theory of mind