Chapter 3 Quiz, ch. 3 culture

xenocentrism

a belief that another culture is superior to one's own

inventions

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

values

a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society

language

a symbolic system of communication

sanctions

a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors

social control

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

6. A nation's flag is: a. A symbol b. A value c. A culture d. A folkway

a. A symbol

12. The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture? a. Counterculture b. Subculture c. Multiculturalism d. Afrocentricity

a. Counterculture

11. An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________. a. Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners b. medical marijuana; film noir c. country music; pop music d. political theory; sociological theory

a. Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners

19. The Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. Supporters believe that the economic disparity between the highest economic class and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism

a. Symbolic interactionism

14. Your 83-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send e-mails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every e-mail to respond point by point, but she has never e-mailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of: a. cultural lag b. innovation c. ethnocentricity d. xenophobia

a. cultural lag

4. Rodney and Elise are American students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of: a. culture shock b. imperialism c. ethnocentrism d. xenocentrism

a. culture shock

8. The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that a. mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture b. mores are absolute, whereas folkways are temporary c. mores refer to material culture, whereas folkways refer to nonmaterial culture d. mores refer to nonmaterial culture, whereas folkways refer to material culture

a. mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture

culture shock

an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life

16. The major difference between invention and discovery is: a. Invention is based on technology, whereas discovery is usually based on culture b. Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way c. Invention refers to material culture, whereas discovery can be material or theoretic, like laws of physics d. Invention is typically used to refer to international objects, whereas discovery refers to that which is local to one's culture

b. Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way

20. What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts? a. Sociobiology b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism

b. Functionalism

9. The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by: a. linguistics b. Sapir-Whorf c. Ethnographic imagery d. bilingualism

b. Sapir-Whorf

1. The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them. a. imperialism and relativism b. culture and society c. society and ethnocentrism d. ethnocentrism and xenocentrism

b. culture and society

17. That McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of: a. globalization b. diffusion c. culture lag d. xenocentrism

b. diffusion

18. A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the American education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism

c. Conflict theory

21. The "American Dream"—the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough—is most commonly associated with which sociological theory? a. Sociobiology b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism

c. Conflict theory

10. Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society: a. Establishes leaders b. Determines language c. Regulates behavior d. Determines laws

c. Regulates behavior

7. The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as a way to encourage social conformity. a. values b. sanctions c. social control d. mores

c. social control

13. Modern-day hipsters are an example of: a. ethnocentricity b. counterculture c. subculture d. high culture

c. subculture

3. The belief that one's culture is inferior to another culture is called: a. ethnocentrism b. nationalism c. xenocentrism d. imperialism

c. xenocentrism

informal norms

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

2. The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom? a. Symbols b. Language c. Material culture d. Nonmaterial culture

d. Nonmaterial culture

15. Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to: a. cultural lag b. innovation c. discovery d. globalization

d. globalization

5. Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of: a. relativism b. ethnocentrism c. xenocentrism d. universalism

d. universalism

folkways

direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture

formal norms

established, written rules

symbols

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture

counterculture

groups that reject and oppose society's widely accepted cultural patterns

subcultures

groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society's majority, even as the members exist within a larger society

popular culture

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society's population

innovations

new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time

cultural universals

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

society

people who live in a definable community and who share a culture

culture

shared beliefs, values, and practices

beliefs

tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

high culture

the cultural patterns of a society's elite

cultural imperialism

the deliberate imposition of one's own cultural values on another culture

culture lag

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture's acceptance of it

nonmaterial culture

the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society

globalization

the integration of international trade and finance markets

mores

the moral views and principles of a group

material culture

the objects or belongings of a group of people

cultural relativism

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture

ethnocentrism

the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one's own culture

diffusion

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

ideal culture

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

norms

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

real culture

the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

the way that people understand the world based on their form of language

discoveries

things and ideas found from what already exists