Chapter 3 quiz questions

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

dopamine

Which neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine; serotonin

Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain?

frontal

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

increase

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system; emotional

The ________ is located deep within the brain, and it includes structures such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.

midbrain

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

positron emission tomography (PET)

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

severe seizure

Which type of chemical messenger do the male gonads secrete?

androgens

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

billions