Chapter 3 (Review 2)
Exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on ________
expiration
Gonadal shielding for ________ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region
females
What body habitus may require 2 crosswise images to be taken if the entire abdomen is to be included
hypersthenic
The CR is centered to the level of __________ for a supine AP projection of abdomen
iliac crest
Why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than AP
increases OID of kidneys on a PA
Gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if
it obscures essential anatomy
What projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of abdomen
lateral position
What decub position best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in abdomen
left lateral decub (best seen in upper right where liver is)
What scale of contrast is recommended for a visualization of the abdominal structures on a abdomen x-ray
long scale
What abdominal structure is not visible on a properly exposed KUB
pancreas
What is primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen
peristaltic action of the bowel
What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion
shortest exposure time possible
Why should patient be placed in decub position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure
to allow intraabdominal air to rise or abdominal fluids to accumulate
Why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration
to increase room for expiration of abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity
Preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly
ultrasound
__________ is being used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis
ultrasound
Projections performed for an acute abdominal series or 3 way abdomen series
1. AP supine 2. AP erect or lateral decub abdomen 3. PA erect chest
Rotation can be determined on a KUB radiograph by the loss of symmetric appearance
1. iliac wings 2. obturator foramina (if visible) 3. ischial spines 4. outer rib margin
2 causes of voluntary motion
1. patient breathing 2. patient movement during exposure
To ensure diaphragm is included on erect abdomen projection, the CR should be at the level of ______________, which places the top of 14x17 IR at the level of the ______
2 inches (5cm) above iliac crest; axilla
What positioning routine should be used for an acute abdominal series if a patient is too ill to stand
2 way abdomen; AP supine and left lateral decub
What is recommended overlap when using 2 crosswise images for an AP projection of a supine abdomen of a broad hypersthenic patient
3-5 cm (1-2 inches)
What exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average size adult
70-80 kV, grid, 40 inch SID
Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of _________, with the bottom at the _______________
ASIS; symphysis pubis
Bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis
Adynamic ileus
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
Ascites
General abdominal haziness
Ascites
With use of iodinated contrast media, _________ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver
CT
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction
Crohn's disease
Distended loop of air-filled small intestine
Crohn's disease
T or F: B/c the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left marker on cassette before exposure
False
T or F: For an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all 4 sides of the radiograph
False
T or F: It is always acceptable during a KUB imaging practice to indicate the side of the body with a digital marker
False
Air-filled "coiled spring" appearance
Intussusception
Telescoping of a section of a bowel into another loop of bowel
Intussusception
What projection of the 3 way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under diaphragm
PA chest
What projection requires a kV setting of 110-125 kV
PA erect chest for free air under diaphragm
Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity
Pneumoperitoneum
Thin chest-shaped readiolucency underneath diaphram
Pneumoperitoneum
What technical considerations is essential when performing abdomen studies on a young PED patient
Short exposure time, high-speed IR, reduced kV and mAs
T or F: A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort
True
T or F: A tall asthenic patient may requre 2 14x17 IRs placed lengthwise if the entire abdomen is to be included
True
Deep air-filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammatory condition of the colon
Ulcerative colitis
A twisting of a loop of a bowel creating an obstruction
Volvulus
Large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction
Volvulus
Voluntary motion can best be prevented by ______________ to patient
careful breathing instructions
Which decub best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernia
dorsal decub
