Chapter 3 (Review 2)

Exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on ________

expiration

Gonadal shielding for ________ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region

females

What body habitus may require 2 crosswise images to be taken if the entire abdomen is to be included

hypersthenic

The CR is centered to the level of __________ for a supine AP projection of abdomen

iliac crest

Why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than AP

increases OID of kidneys on a PA

Gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if

it obscures essential anatomy

What projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of abdomen

lateral position

What decub position best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in abdomen

left lateral decub (best seen in upper right where liver is)

What scale of contrast is recommended for a visualization of the abdominal structures on a abdomen x-ray

long scale

What abdominal structure is not visible on a properly exposed KUB

pancreas

What is primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen

peristaltic action of the bowel

What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion

shortest exposure time possible

Why should patient be placed in decub position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure

to allow intraabdominal air to rise or abdominal fluids to accumulate

Why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration

to increase room for expiration of abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity

Preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly

ultrasound

__________ is being used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis

ultrasound

Projections performed for an acute abdominal series or 3 way abdomen series

1. AP supine 2. AP erect or lateral decub abdomen 3. PA erect chest

Rotation can be determined on a KUB radiograph by the loss of symmetric appearance

1. iliac wings 2. obturator foramina (if visible) 3. ischial spines 4. outer rib margin

2 causes of voluntary motion

1. patient breathing 2. patient movement during exposure

To ensure diaphragm is included on erect abdomen projection, the CR should be at the level of ______________, which places the top of 14x17 IR at the level of the ______

2 inches (5cm) above iliac crest; axilla

What positioning routine should be used for an acute abdominal series if a patient is too ill to stand

2 way abdomen; AP supine and left lateral decub

What is recommended overlap when using 2 crosswise images for an AP projection of a supine abdomen of a broad hypersthenic patient

3-5 cm (1-2 inches)

What exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average size adult

70-80 kV, grid, 40 inch SID

Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of _________, with the bottom at the _______________

ASIS; symphysis pubis

Bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis

Adynamic ileus

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

Ascites

General abdominal haziness

Ascites

With use of iodinated contrast media, _________ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver

CT

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction

Crohn's disease

Distended loop of air-filled small intestine

Crohn's disease

T or F: B/c the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left marker on cassette before exposure

False

T or F: For an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all 4 sides of the radiograph

False

T or F: It is always acceptable during a KUB imaging practice to indicate the side of the body with a digital marker

False

Air-filled "coiled spring" appearance

Intussusception

Telescoping of a section of a bowel into another loop of bowel

Intussusception

What projection of the 3 way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under diaphragm

PA chest

What projection requires a kV setting of 110-125 kV

PA erect chest for free air under diaphragm

Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

Pneumoperitoneum

Thin chest-shaped readiolucency underneath diaphram

Pneumoperitoneum

What technical considerations is essential when performing abdomen studies on a young PED patient

Short exposure time, high-speed IR, reduced kV and mAs

T or F: A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort

True

T or F: A tall asthenic patient may requre 2 14x17 IRs placed lengthwise if the entire abdomen is to be included

True

Deep air-filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall

Ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory condition of the colon

Ulcerative colitis

A twisting of a loop of a bowel creating an obstruction

Volvulus

Large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction

Volvulus

Voluntary motion can best be prevented by ______________ to patient

careful breathing instructions

Which decub best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernia

dorsal decub