Chapter 3 sociology

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs to be satisfied is the ________ stage.

Amoral

What was the result of research on mother-child bonding based on hours per week children spent in day care?

As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was weaker between mother and child.

The case study of Jack and Oskar provides support for which of the following explanations of behavior?

Environment has a significant influence on behavior, regardless of gene complement.

How does the mass media influence gender roles in contemporary American society?

It reinforces gender roles considered appropriate for one's sex.

Our image of how others see us is called the ________.

Self

A young woman is contemplating a particular behavior, in this case, dropping out of college. She is also considering an awareness of the self in relationship to others to avoid feelings of shame and embarrassment. This is referred to as her ________

Social mirror

Why do many sociologists object to psychoanalysis as a valid explanation for human behavior?

Sociologists object to the view that inborn and subconscious motivations are the primary reasons for human behavior.

In psychoanalytic theory, the "culture within us" is represented by the ________.

Superego

In the "nature versus nurture" argument regarding socialization, the "nurture" component refers to ________.

The social enviroment

People and groups that influence our orientation to life - our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors - are called ________.

agents of socialization

What term is used to describe children who are assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness and isolated from other children, such as the "wild boy of Aveyron"?

feral

According to Piaget, when children are capable of abstract thinking, they have reached the level of development called the ________.

formal operational stage

The Smiths are going Christmas shopping for their two children, Dick and Jane. They plan to buy Dick a Tonka truck and Jane a Barbie doll. Their selection of toys for their children is an example of ________ by parents.

gender socialization

George Herbert Mead theorized that learning to take the role of the other entails three stages - the ________ stage, ________stage, and ________ stage.

imitation; play; team games

The technique created by Sigmund Freud for the treatment of emotional problems through long-term, intensive exploration of the subconscious mind is referred to as ________.

psychoanalysis

When young people enter college as resident students, they must learn new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. This is an example of ________.

resocialization

According to Piaget, the stage of development that is dominated by touching, listening, looking, and the inability to recognize cause and effect is the ________ stage.

sensorimotor

Bob's football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bob's actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Mead would suggest that the coach is one of Bob's ________.

significant others

What concept do sociologists refer to when they say that "society makes us human"?

socialization

The period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood is called ________.

transitional adulthood