Chapter 3 - The French Revolution and Napoleon (Section 3)

War with Russia

By 1812 Napoleon felt he must invade Russia and led a huge army of 600,000 into Russia. Instead of giving battle, the Russians retreated, destroying everything that could be of use to the French. There was nothing there which could feed and house his troops for the winter.so he was forced to turn back toward home just as winter was setting in. His Grand Army ran out of supplies and soldiers died of disease and and the bitter cold of the Russian winter. They were clad only in summer uniforms. Russian troops continually attacked them as they trudged home. Only 40,000 survived the march.

Napoleonic Code

Established under Napoleon's rule Allowed for most Enlightenment freedoms except for free press. Censored mail. Made peace with Catholic church , Pope. Abolished peasantry, and appointed staff by ability, not birthright. Reduced the rights of women.

consulate

Napoleon Bonaparte and Abbe Sieyes pulled off a coup in France. They overthrew the current Directory and replaced it with a new government: the Consulate.

Napoleon's New Bureaucracy

Napoleon attempted to reform the bureaucracies of France and other territories under his control by the imposition of the standardized Napoleonic Code. But paradoxically, this led to even further growth of the bureaucracy

nationalism

the unique cultural identitiy of a poeple based on common language, religion, and national symbols

Waterloo

took place in Belgium on June 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of French military leader and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), who conquered much of continental Europe in the early 19th century.

Napoleon Bonaparte

was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. he was self proclaimed Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. He dominated European affairs for over a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, rapidly gaining control of continental Europe before his ultimate defeat in 1815. Leader of the French Army, took power from the Directory. Created a new government called the consulate, in 1802. He appointed himself Consul for life, in 1804.