Chapter 30

In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the:

persistence of poverty

The Twenty-second Amendment:

prohibited presidents from serving more than two terms

After the war, Americans were most eager to:

purchase

In response to the Little Rock crisis of 1957, Eisenhower:

sent 1,000 federal troops to protect black students

Between 1945 and 1960, home ownership:

significantly increased

Elvis was especially controversial because of his:

suggestive gyrations on stage

In Brown v. Board of Education, what was Thurgood Marshall's main argument before the Supreme Court?

that segregation did lifelong damage to black children, undermining their self-esteem

Challenges to the mass conformity of the 1950s came from:

the Beats

One sign of the times came in 1954 when Congress added the words "under God" to:

the Pledge of Allegiance

As a result of the Montgomery boycott in 1955-1956:

the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal.

Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:

the U.S. Army

One major reason for religion's growing appeal in the 1950s was:

the desire to combat godless communism

Between 1945 and 1960 in the United States:

the gross national product almost doubled

In his farewell address, Eisenhower warned about:

the power of the military-industrial complex

Most blacks who moved to Chicago were fleeing terrible poverty in:

the rural South

The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in:

the sunbelt

By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing:

uniformity

In response to the court-ordered desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas:

violence broke out, and President Eisenhower sent in federal troops.

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference:

was a coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists who fought for desegregation.

The phenomenon of "white flight" in the 1950s:

was a major cause of the growth of the suburbs

The Montgomery Bus Boycott:

was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up to a white man.

After World War II, most working women:

were concentrated in low-paying, nonunion jobs such as clerical, sales, and service labor.

By the mid-1950s, most workers:

were white collar

During the 1950s, the income gap between whites and blacks:

widened

By 1960, about 65 percent of Americans:

belonged to a church

In the postwar era, the trend in the corporate sector was toward:

bigness and concentration

William Levitt, coupled with the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to

buy a home.

All of the following are true of Sputnik 1 EXCEPT that it:

carried a nuclear warhead

The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by:

cold war-related military spending

In the 1950s, teenagers became especially important as:

consumers

Many critics of American life in the 1950s believed that middle-class society suffered from:

excessive conformity

All of the following increased through the postwar years EXCEPT:

family savings

The youthful rebels known as the Beats:

favored road trips, Buddhism, and jazz

In 1954, the Supreme Court case known as Brown v. Board of Education:

found that separate-but-equal was unconstitutional.

With the end of World War II, women workers were encouraged to:

give up their jobs to returning veterans

Ultimately, the Beats:

helped inspire the youth revolt of the 1960s

After World War II, suburban growth:

increased dramatically, especially in places like Levittown and California.

Martin Luther King Jr. was:

inspired by the teachings of Gandhi.

Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT:

new construction of mass public transportation

Montgomery showed African Americans and the civil rights movement the power of:

nonviolent protest

By the early 1950s, the United States was supporting the French effort against the Viet Minh:

only financially

President Eisenhower used the CIA to overthrow which Middle Eastern government in the early 1950s, in large part because this government attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields?

Iran

Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?

Its huge cost did not justify its benefits.

Which Supreme Court decision did Brown overturn?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which statement best describes how the white South reacted to the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

Some states closed the public schools, rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools

What was the organization called that Martin Luther King Jr. established after the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC)

Who argued the case Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court?

Thurgood Marshall

The arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955 inspired:

a massive bus boycott

After World War II, the automobile:

altered the American landscape.

Dulles's policy of "brinksmanship" involved:

averting war through the threat of nuclear force