Chapter 32: Toddler development

What does the nurse instruct the parents to keep away from the child's diet when the child is receiving iron supplementation?

antacids whole milk tea or coffee

What are the factors that increase the absorption of iron in the diet?

ascorbic acid acidity (low pH)

The parents of a toddler express frustration to the nurse because their child is a "fussy eater." What is the nurse's best response?

becoming a fussy eater is expected during the toddler years. toddlers have physiologic anorexia that contributes to fussy eating. toddlers have a decrease in appetite. Toddlers have strong taste preferences.

One of the major tasks of toddlerhood is toilet training. In teaching the parents about a child's readiness for toilet training, what is it important for the nurse to emphasize?

bowel control is accomplished before bladder control, so the parent should focus on bowel training first

A parent of a toddler reports to the nurse that the child always says no at mealtimes. Which corrective actions does the nurse suggest to the parents?

meals should be set at regularly scheuled times decrease the opportunities for a negative answer feed the child with the child's favorite plate/spood

The nurse notices a child refused to drink milk at the hospital. When the nurse asks the child about it, the nurse discovers that at home the child drinks milk in a small glass. What is the most acceptable nursing intervention?

the nurse pours the milk into a small glass for the chid to drink. The inability to conserve is one of the characteristics of preoperational thoughts in toddlers.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 24-month-old about motor skill development. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

the toddler's activities begin to produce purposeful results

The nurse is assessing a 12-month-old child. The child's parent reports, "My child has the habit of having a bedtime bottle and sleeps only when a bottle of milk is given." What does the nurse say to the parents?

you can give a bottle of water rather than a bottle of milk to the child. children with a bedtime bottle habit develop a special type of tooth decay called early childhood caries. The nurse should advise the parents to give a bottle of water rather than a bottle of milk to the child to prevent tooth decay.

The nurse is assessing a 15-month-old girl. The child's mother reports that the child is bed-wetting and throws tantrums when made to sit on the potty seat. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

you can start toilet training when the child is 18 months old

The nurse is assessing a toddler and notices that the toddler kicks his/her feet and screams as loud as possible. What type of emotion does the nurse document?

Anger emotion is a subjective, conscious experience characterized by psychological and physiologic expressions. Anger is characterized by temper tantrums.

The nurse is discussing toddler development with a parent. Which intervention will foster the achievement of autonomy?

Encourage the toddler to do things for himself or herself when he or she is capable of doing them. toddlers have an increased ability to control their bodies, themselves, and the environment. Autonomy develops when children complete tasks of which they are capable. To successfully achieve autonomy, the toddler needs to have a sense of accomplishment

The parent expresses to the nurse that the child refuses to go to sleep, repeatedly gets out of bed, and wakes up very late in the morning. Which nursing intervention is helpful to manage sleep disturbances in the child?

Enforce consistent limits about the child's bedtime behavior. The nurse should suggest the parents enforce consistent limits regarding the child's bedtime behavior.

Which statement about early childhood caries (ECC) is correct?

Giving a bottle of milk or juice at naptime or bedtime predisposes the child to this syndrome. sweet liquids pooling in the mouth during sleep cause dental caries.

The nurse asks the parents to give food to a toddler on the same plate daily. Which characteristic of preoperational thought process is this instruction based on?

Global organization is a thought process where the toddler feels that changing any one part of the whole changes the entire whole. The child may not be willing to eat food that is not served on the regular plate

The nurse is educating a group of parents about stranger safety guidelines. Which statements by the parents indicate effective teaching?

I should teach my child to say "No" to gifts from strangers I should listen to my child's concerns regarding other people I should teach my child to never go anywhere with a stranger I should pay attention if my child is uncomfortable with others

A hospitalized toddler clings to a worn, tattered blanket. She screams when anyone tries to take it away. What is the nurse's best explanation to the parents for the child's attachment to the blanket?

The blanket is an important transitional object that provides security when the child is separated from parents. Transitional objects are helpful when the child is experiencing an increased stress situation, such as hospitalization.

Which statement describes the growth and development in a 24-month-old child?

The child can go up and down stairs alone

The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child with delayed motor development. The nurse notes that the child stands with a wide base. What does the nurse interpret from this finding?

The child has impaired balance of the body the child with impaired balance may walk with a wide base to support the body weight

What does the nurse include in a program designed to teach parents and children about preventing childhood poisoning?

adequate supervision by parents appropriate first aid care at home safe storage of hazardous materials

What information does the nurse include when teaching pool safety to a group of parents who have toddlers?

children like to explore areas

Myelination of the spinal cord is almost complete by 2 years of age. As a result of this, what can the toddler gradually achieve?

control of anal and urethral sphincters the voluntary control of elimination occurs betwee 18 and 24 months.

When completing the health assessment for a 2-year-old child, what should the nurse expect the child to do?

engage in parallel play

The nurse is assessing a 15-month-old child. The child uses a cup well but rotates the spoon before it reaches the mouth. The nurse interprets from this observation that this is an appropriate development of what?

fine motor skills a motor skill is simply an action that the child takes. Fine motor skills are small actions such as using a cup correctly. Gross motor skills are large actions such as walking or crawling

The parent reports to the nurse that their child throws temper tantrums whenever the child wants something. Which instruction provided by the nurse is most likely to help?

give comfort when the child calms down temper tantrums are common during the toddler years and essentially represent the normal growth and development of the child. the nurse should instruct the parents to be calm and tell the child in a polite and positive way why the child cannot have what is desired.

When explaining the proper restraint of toddlers in motor vehicles to a group of parents, what should the nurse include?

placing the car seat in the back seat of the car facing forward

The parent of a 26-month-old child reports to the nurse that the child spends most of the time talking to a doll and cares for it as if it is a small baby. The parent also reports that sometimes the child throws toys around with force. What does the nurse interpret about the child's behavior?

the child has normal behavior Children of 13-30 months old imitate elders while playing.

The nurse observes that a toddler is exhibiting stress due to hospitalization. Which nursing action is most applicable for the toddler?

the nurse allows the child to bring a blanket from home a major problem in the toddler age-group is separation anxiety.

The student nurse working in a pediatric ward asks the clinical instructor, "Why do most toddlers have several episodes of tonsillities and upper respiratory tract infections?" which response given by the clinical instructor is appropriate?

the respiratory tract of toddlers is short and straight.

The parents of a toddler state their child is having trouble sleeping. What is the nurse's best suggestion to improve sleep habits?

using a transitional object which may help the child ease anxiety and facilitate sleep. A consistent ritual will facilitate sleep.

The nurse has taught the parent's of an 18-month-old child about the behavior of toddlers. Following the teaching session, the nurse asks the parents what they would do if their child accidentally falls down from the staircase and starts scolding the staircase. What response given by the parents indicates effective understanding?

we would join the child in scolding the staircase According to Piaget, children have preoperational thoughts and feelings. The parents should be able to effectively respond to the toddler's thoughts and feelings.

The nurse is assessing a 14-month-old child. The child's mother is worried as the child is able to say only one word, "Maa." To reduce panic the nurse educates the mother about language development. Which statement made by the nurse is appropriate?

At the age of 1 children start using one-word sentences and gestures

The nurse is assessing a child who is macrobiotic and has inadequate intake of proteins and calories. What is the right nursing intervention to promote protein intake?

Plan a diet according to the child's requirements