Chapter 35

Which of the following best describes the condition in which the terminal bud of many plants produces hormones that inhibit growth of axillary buds? a. apical dominance b. cortical influence c. internodal persistence d. axial dominance e. foliage determination

a. apical dominance

Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system? a. companion cell—ground tissue b. guard cell—dermal tissue c. palisade parenchyma—ground tissue d. tracheid—vascular tissue e. root hair—dermal tissue

a. companion cell—ground tissue

Which of the following describes the spaces in between the sites of leaf attachment in a stem? a. internodes b. cotyledons c. nodes d. joints e. runners

a. internodes

Which of the following describes the sites of leaf attachment in a stem? a. nodes b. internodes c. runners d. cotyledons e. joints

a. nodes

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except a. parenchyma cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem. b. guard cell-regulation of transpiration. c. sieve-tube member-translocation. d. vessel element-water transport. e. mesophyll-photosynthesis.

a. parenchyma cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem.

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? a. root hairs b. the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem c. taproots d. sections of the root that have secondary xylem e. storage roots

a. root hairs

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem. a. Cortex; pith b. Vessel element; sieve-tube member c. Vascular cambium; cork cambium Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell Apical meristem; vascular cambium

b. Vessel element; sieve-tube member

Which of the following is the waxy coating secreted on leaves and most stems? a. suberin b. cuticle c. epidermis d. lignin e. endodermis

b. cuticle

Land plants are composed of all the following tissue types except a. vascular. b. mesodermal. c. pith ground tissue. d. dermal. e. cortex ground tissue.

b. mesodermal.

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are these? a. collenchyma b. parenchyma c. xylem d. endodermis e. sclerenchyma

b. parenchyma

Which of the following have thick, lignified walls that help support mature, nongrowing parts of the plant? a. tracheids and vessel elements b. sclerenchyma cells c. collenchyma cells d. parenchyma cells e. sieve-tube elements

b. sclerenchyma cells

CO2 enters the inner the inner spaces of the leaf through the a. epidermal trichomes. b. stomata. c. phloem. d. walls of guard cells. e. cuticle.

b. stomata.

__________ is to xylem as __________ is to phloem. a. Vascular cambium; cork cambium b. Sclerenchyma cell; parenchyma cell c. Vessel element; sieve-tube member d. Apical meristem; vascular cambium e. Cortex; pith

c. Vessel element; sieve-tube member

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that a. only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. b. leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not. c. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. d. vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. e. root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not.

c. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots.

Which of the following is the selective barrier of a root that determines which substances pass between the cortex and vascular tissue? a. cuticle b. pith c. endodermis d. epidermis e. xylem

c. endodermis

Which of the following is the protective cell layer covering leaves, young stems, and young roots? a. phloem b. endodermis c. epidermis d. root hairs e. xylem

c. epidermis

Which of the following is the main site of photosynthesis in a typical leaf? a. endodermis b. epidermis Correct Answer c. mesophyll d. pith e. xylem

c. mesophyll

Which of the following are the most abundant cell type found in most plants? a. collenchyma cells b. sclerenchyma cells c. parenchyma cells d. water-conducting cells e. food-conducting cells

c. parenchyma cells

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to a. produce flowers. b. photosynthesize. c. produce more cells. d. attract pollinators. e. absorb ions.

c. produce more cells.

Which of the following are sugar-transporting cells in angiosperms? a. sclerenchyma cells b. tracheids and vessel elements c. sieve-tube elements d. collenchyma cells e. parenchyma cells

c. sieve-tube elements

CO2 enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the a. walls of guard cells. b.epidermal trichomes. c. stoma. d. cuticle. e. phloem.

c. stoma.

Which of the following do guard cells act to regulate? a. cuticle b. root hairs c. stomata d. mesophyll e. epidermis

c. stomata

Which of the following is a stem modification for storage? a. runner b. cladophyll c. tuber d.petiole e. rhizome

c. tuber

Which of the following constitute the shoot system of a plant? a. stems b. leaves c. flowers d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following are relatively unspecialized cells that retain the ability to divide and perform most of the plant's metabolic functions of synthesis and storage? a. collenchyma cells b. sieve-tube elements c. tracheids and vessel elements d. parenchyma cells e. sclerenchyma cells

d. parenchyma cells

Which of the following best describes the function of typical leaves? a. water uptake b. shade c. storage of the sugars produced d. photosynthesis e. anchoring

d. photosynthesis

Which of the following are the epidermal cell projections found on roots that increase the surface area? a. nodes b. mesophyll c. cotyledons d. root hairs e. internodes

d. root hairs

Which of the following have rigid cell walls that support plants like steel beams and are usually found in older parts of the plant? a. water-conducting cells b. parenchyma cells c. collenchyma cells d. sclerenchyma cells e. food-conducting cells

d. sclerenchyma cells

Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system? a. tracheidvascular tissue b. root hairdermal tissue c. stomatadermal tissue d. sclerenchyma cellvascular tissue e. parenchymaground tissue

d. sclerenchyma cellvascular tissue

Which of the following are the water-conducting cells of xylem, have thick walls, and are dead at functional maturity? a. parenchyma cells b. sieve-tube elements c. collenchyma cells d. tracheids and vessel elements e. sclerenchyma cells

d. tracheids and vessel elements

Which of the following is the connection between the stem and leaf blade? a. tuber b.runner c.rhizome d. cladophyll e. petiole

e. petiole

Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system? a. periderm b. root hairs c. phloem d. cuticle e. pith

e. pith

What effect does pruning back the top have on a houseplant? a. increases the flow of auxin down the shoot b. inhibits the growth of lateral buds c. produces a plant that will grow taller d. increases apical dominance e. produces a plant that will grow fuller

e. produces a plant that will grow fuller

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called a. phloem cells. b. hairs. c. xylem cells. d. sclereids. e. stomata.

e. stomata.

All of the following are plant adaptations to life on land except a. tracheids and vessels. b. parenchyma. c. cuticle. d. root hairs. e. the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.

e. the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.