Chapter 35: Nationalism and Political Identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

In South Africa, how much land was reserved for the whites?

88 percent

Pan-Africanism is an idea that advocated

the unification of all people of African descent around the globe into one African state

U.S. policies toward Latin America included

"dollar diplomacy" and the Good Neighbor Policy

The Allies had invaded German colonies in Africa by

1914

In South Africa, how much of the population did whites make up?

20 percent

By the end of World War I, how many people from Africa had served in the French army?

480,000

After World War I, colonial powers

made the colonies dependent on the European economy

In which of the following groups did ideas regarding African nationalism generate?

new elite

The "Mukden incident"

provided Japan with the excuse to send troops into Manchuria

Sun Yatsen's plan for China included all of the following EXCEPT

the establishment of a communist, totalitarian government

The two economic goals pursued by European colonial powers in Africa following WWI were

to compel and to tie African economies

The Great Depression led Japan to

turn toward a militaristic government whose goal was the domination of east Asia

Maoism was

a political ideology that held that peasants were the foundation for a successful communist revolution

The most influential organization dedicated to the end of British rule in India was the

Indian National Congress

After World War I, which of the following countries sought to preserve their cultural identity against western influences?

Japan

Which of the following Asian countries was part of the "big five" in the League of Nations?

Japan

Manchukuo was the

Japanese puppet state in the former Manchuria

Who launched the Northern Expedition?

Jiang Jieshi

Mexican President ________ nationalized his country's oil industry, thus posing a challenge to the United States policy of nonintervention in Latin American affairs.

Lázaro Cárdenas

One of the greatest proponents of Pan-Africanism was

Marcus Garvey

The Great Depression aggravated the tense situation between Muslims and Hindus in India, in part because

Muslims perceived that they were economically controlled by the Hindu majority of India

Which of the following refers to "land of the pure"?

Pakistan

The founding of the Chinese Communist Party was directly influenced by

Soviet Union

All of the following African colonies were compelled by European colonial powers to participate in the Great War EXCEPT

Spanish colonies

Indian nationals were influenced by

Woodrow Wilson

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was

a fiery Indian nationalist who galvanized public support for India's independence movement

Africans were participants in World War I because

they were bound by colonial ties to European powers

Satyagraha was A) Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance. B) the Islamic leader who called for the creation of Pakistan for India's Muslims. C) Mao Zedong's adapted philosophy of Chinese communism. D) the original name of the Pan-African movement. E) the Chinese political party headed by Jiang Jieshi.

A) Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance.

Who among the following (former teacher and librarian) emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese communist movement? A) Mao Zedong B) Jiang Jieshi C) Sun Yatsen D) Shanfei E) None of these answers is correct.

A) Mao Zedong

Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of A) Pakistan. B) Iraq. C) Palestine. D) Saudi Arabia. E) Afghanistan.

A) Pakistan

Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) during the twenty-five years he spent in A) South Africa. B) China. C) Morocco. D) Great Britain. E) Argentina.

A) South Africa

José Carlos Mariátegui A) established the Socialist Party of Peru. B) had been a protégé of Fidel Castro. C) served as president of Mexico. D) was a famous Mexican muralist E) was a Brazilian dictator-president

A) established the Socialist Party of Peru.

In the decades following the Great War, the economies of most African colonies were dominated by A) the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops. B) light manufacturing. C) the production of steel. D) cattle ranching. E) furniture manufacture.

A) the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops.

Marcus Garvey A) was a member of the "new elite" of the African colonies who became president of Kenya. B) is a Jamaican who championed the "Back to Africa" movement. C) was a leader of the Mumbo cult. D) mobilized Africans to revolt against British rule during the Great War. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) is a Jamaican who championed the "Back to Africa" movement.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Africa during the decades after the Great War? A) Colonial taxation policies were designed to drive Africans into the labor market. B) Using African labor and tax monies, Europeans built economic infrastructure. C) Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions. D) The Great Depression exposed the vulnerability of dependent colonial economies. E) In areas with extensive white settlement, settler agriculture was most prominent.

C) Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions.

The India Act of 1937

gave the institutions of a self-governing state to India, although the British government still exercised overall control

Mao Zedong's main rival after 1925 was A) Puyi. B) Sun Yatsen. C) Jiang Jieshi. D) Mohandas Gandhi. E) Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

C) Jiang Jieshi.

The Long March A) destroyed Mao Zedong's credibility with the Chinese. B) left Jiang Jieshi in complete control of the Chinese Communist Party. C) greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position. D) was the final victory for the Guomindang. E) forced Mao Zedong to flee China and hide in the Soviet Union.

C) greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position

Which of the following was NOT one of the foundations of Gandhi's philosophy? A) an attempt to improve the position of the harijans B) boycotting British goods C) heavy industrialization D) passive resistance E) economic self-sufficiency

C) heavy industrialization

In the decades following World War I, nationalism was most powerful in Asia in the regions of

China and India

Who among the following was an artist who blended artistic vision and radical political ideas in large murals that he created for the appreciation of working people? A) Carmen Miranda B) Lázaro Cárdenas C) Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre D) Diego Rivera E) Anastacio Somoza Garcia

D) Diego Rivera

Who among the following was noted for his "Good Neighbor Policy"? A) Woodrow Wilson B) Theodore Roosevelt C) Howard Taft D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt E) Herbert Hoover

D) Franklin D. Roosevelt

Three Principles of the People summarized the political views of A) Mohandas Gandhi. B) Jiang Jieshi. C) Puyi. D) Sun Yatsen. E) Mao Zedong.

D) Sun Yatsen

The May Fourth Movement A) was a significant turning point in the evolution of Marcus Garvey's political efforts. B) was a sign of growing Japanese nationalism. C) became the pretext for Japan to invade Manchuria. D) galvanized the Chinese against foreign influence. E) was typical of Gandhi's nonviolent movement.

D) galvanized the Chinese against foreign interference

Muhammad Ali Jinnah A) led the Civil Disobedience Movement. B) was an adherent of the values and virtues discussed in the Bhagavad Gita. C) was Gandhi's main challenger for political leadership of the Hindus. D) headed the Muslim League. E) was the founder of the Indian National Congress.

D) headed the Muslim League.

Augusto César Sandino A) was the leader of the Guarda Nacional in Nicaragua. B) played the starring role in the film Down Argentine Way. C) was assassinated by agents of the United Fruit Company. D) led the opposition to the occupation of Nicaragua by U.S. Marines. E) served as president of Nicaragua.

D) led the opposition to the occupation of Nicaragua by U.S. Marines.

Carmen Miranda A) created a famous painting called Imperialism. B) was an important revolutionary leader in early twentieth-century Latin America. C) was the popular wife of an Argentine dictator. D) served as the model for an ad created by the United Fruit Company. E) None of these answers is correct.

D) served as the model for an ad created by the United Fruit Company.

Gandhi A) fought hard to improve the status of the casteless Untouchables. B) launched the Non-Cooperation Movement. C) began the Civil Disobedience Movement. D) worked to secure approval of the Government of India Act. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

Each of the following statements about Sun Yatsen is true, EXCEPT that A) he was a leading opponent of the Qing dynasty. B) he proclaimed a Chinese republic in 1912. C) he authored Three Principles of the People. D) he established the Nationalist People's Party, or Guomindang. E) he led the Chinese in resisting Japanese military aggression.

E) he led the Chinese in resisting Japanese military aggression.

The nationalist government of China was challenged by all of the following EXCEPT

economic hardship caused by the Great Depression