Chapter 4: A Tour of a Cell
3) The smallest object that can be seen with the "naked eye" is approximately ________ in size. A) 1 mm B) 0.5 mm C) 0.1-0.2 mm D) 10 micrometers E) 1 micrometer
A) 1 mm
72) The bacteria show the greatest resistance to which antibiotic? A) Antibiotic A B) Antibiotic B C) Antibiotic C D) Antibiotic D
A) Antibiotic A
26) What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA. C) It synthesizes secreted proteins. D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
73) Why do you think the bacteria start to decline when treated with antibiotic C but then begin to grow as time goes on? A) Some bacteria with resistance to antibiotic C were selected for over time. B) Additional bacteria were added to the experimental group. C) Antibiotic C degraded and thus was no longer effective. D) This is the normal course of bacterial growth no matter which antibiotic is applied.
A) Some bacteria with resistance to antibiotic C were selected for over time
33) A hormone that will be secreted from a cell is manufactured by ribosomes ________. A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum B) attached to the Golgi apparatus C) attached to the plasma membrane D) inside the nucleus
A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
4) Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells? A) cell theory B) Hooke's rule C) evolutionary theory D) Mendel's law
A) cell theory
11) In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane? A) cytoplasm B) phospholipid bilayer C) nucleoid D) chloroplast
A) cytoplasm
19) When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ________. A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water B) have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water C) have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails D) are both fluid and mosaic
A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
31) Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ________. A) mRNA B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) DNA D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A) mRNA
46) Vacuoles are ________. A) membranous sacs B) manufactured by ribosomes C) composed of microtubules D) found only in plant cells
A) membranous sacs
52) During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles. What organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells? A) mitochondria B) Golgi apparatus C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
A) mitochondria
58) Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the ________. A) mitochondria B) peroxisomes C) lysosomes D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A) mitochondria
2) Which of the following is the smallest structure that would most likely be visible with a standard microscope? A) mitochondrion B) protein C) ribosome D) virus
A) mitochondrion
21) The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________. A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane B) phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane C) most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane D) carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure
A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
34) A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely ________. A) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion B) producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol C) producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix D) producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole
A) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
22) The extracellular matrix of animal cells ________. A) protects and support cells B) provides avenues for the exchange of DNA C) is a warehouse for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates D) is primarily a site of dead matter and waste materials
A) protects and support cells
17) Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane? A) regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell B) regulate the production of lipids in the cell C) regulate the production of DNA in and out of the nucleus D) regulate the production of proteins in the cell
A) regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
54) Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ________. A) surrounded by two membranes B) able to synthesize carbohydrates C) manufactured by the nucleolus D) able to synthesize lipids
A) surrounded by two membranes
40) Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company? A) the Golgi apparatus B) mitochondria C) chloroplasts D) the nucleolus
A) the Golgi apparatus
60) Which of the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration? A) the cristae of a mitochondrion B) the outer membrane of a chloroplast C) the grana of a chloroplast D) the endoplasmic reticulum
A) the cristae of a mitochondrion
92-95) List the four facts that make up the cell theory.
-All organisms are made of cells -The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live -Cell structure is correlated to cellular function -All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells
96-99) List the four structures that are found in all cells.
-plasma membrane -cytosol -chromosomes carrying DNA -ribosomes
27) Most human cells contain ________ chromosomes. A) 36 B) 46 C) 2 D) 23
B) 46
6) Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Bacteria and Archaea C) Archaea and Fungi D) Bacteria and Protista
B) Bacteria and Archaea
23) ________ store the information necessary to produce proteins. A) Lysosomes B) Genes C) Ribosomes D) Carbohydrates
B) Genes
5) Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells? A) pili B) cell wall C) flagella D) DNA
B) cell wall
50) Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ________. A) cell wall and a contractile vacuole B) cell wall and a central vacuole C) nucleus and a cell wall D) nucleus and a contractile vacuole
B) cell wall and a central vacuole
49) Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? A) lysosome B) central vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome
B) central vacuole
56) Grana and stroma are all components found in A) vacuoles. B) chloroplasts. C) mitochondria. D) lysosomes. E) nuclei.
B) chloroplasts.
9) Compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________. A) have a simpler structure and appeared on earth after eukaryotes B) have a simpler structure and appeared on earth before eukaryotes C) have a more complex structure and appeared on earth before eukaryotes D) have a more complex structure and appeared on earth after eukaryotes
B) have a simpler structure and appeared on earth before eukaryotes
8) One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ________ prokaryotic cells. A) have DNA, which is lacking in B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in C) have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in D) have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in
B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in
35) Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ________ cells. A) brain B) liver C) intestinal D) muscle
B) liver
44) Tay-Sachs disease results from ________ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme. A) the Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) the endoplasmic reticulum
B) lysosomes
57) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? A) lysosome B) mitochondrion C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome
B) mitochondrion
39) Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus? A) digestion of organic matter inside the cell B) protein modification C) drug detoxification D) cell respiration
B) protein modification
15) Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) chloroplasts D) endoplasmic reticulum E) cell wall
B) ribosomes
51) Cells in the thyroid gland produce and secrete thyroid hormone (a polymer of amino acids) that helps to regulate metabolism. What organelle is most likely abundant in cells of the thyroid gland? A) mitochondria B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) free ribosomes D) lysosomes
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
59) Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ________. A) of sunlight to energy stored in organic compounds B) stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP C) stored in ATP to energy stored in food molecules D) stored in ATP to energy used to do work
B) stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP
37) Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________. A) steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification B) lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification D) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and storage of genetic information
C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
16) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A) chloroplast B) central vacuole C) mitochondrion D) centriole E) lysosome
C) mitochondrion
53) Which one of the following organelles contains DNA? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome
C) mitochondrion
14) Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ________. A) a bacterium, but not a eukaryote B) an animal, but not a plant C) nearly any eukaryotic organism D) a plant, but not an animal
C) nearly any eukaryotic organism
30) Where does protein synthesis take place? A) in the nucleolus B) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) on ribosomes D) in the nucleus
C) on ribosomes
41) Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? A) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus B) Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane C) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane D) rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
C) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
12) In bacteria, DNA will be found in ________. A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus B) mitochondria C) the nucleoid D) ribosomes E) pili
C) the nucleoid
38) What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus? A) transport proteins B) central vacuole C) transport vesicles D) nucleolus
C) transport vesicles
66) Examine the structures of the plant and animal cells below. Which of the following organelles connect(s) to the nuclear envelope? A) the Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) the endoplasmic reticulum
D) the endoplasmic reticulum
63) Which of the following activities is NOT directly associated with microtubules? A) movement of chromosomes during mitosis B) beating of cilia and flagella C) intracellular trafficking of organelles D) cell locomotion in amoebae and white blood cells E) all of the above are associated with microtubules
E) all of the above are associated with microtubules
T/F 84) Cilia and flagella are found only in organisms belonging to Kingdom Protista.
False
T/F 85) In cell membranes, the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids are located in the interior of the lipid bilayer.
False
T/F 90) Prokaryotes have a single, linear chromosome.
False
103) The inner membrane of mitochondria is often highly folded. These folds are called ___________.
cristae
77)______Endoplasmic Reticulum
detoxification of drugs
78)______Lysosome
disposal of worn out organelles
104-106) Our current understanding of the structure of the plasma membrane is represented by the ______________ model (two words). In this model, the membrane is a mixture of which two basic types of biomolecules? _______________ and ________________
fluid mosaic. lipid and protein
108) The inner membrane of a mitochondrion encloses a thick fluid called the __________.
matrix
102) The cytoskeletal protein most directly involved in the beating of cilia and flagella in eukaryotes is ______________.
microtubules
107) In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found in a region of the cell called the ___________.
nucleoid
79)______Golgi apparatus
shipping and packaging center
75)______Nucleolus
synthesis of rRNA
T/F 87) In chloroplasts, photosynthesis is performed in the grana.
true
T/F 88) The nuclear envelope consists of a double membrane.
true
91) _____________ was the first scientist to observe cells with the microscope.
Robert Hooke
81)______Ribosome
A. protein synthesis
65) According to the figure below, approximately how many times larger is a nucleus compared to a protein? A) 10 times larger B) 100 times larger C) 1,000 times larger D) 10,000 times larger
C) 1,000 times larger
70) Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria? A) Chloroplasts have cell walls. B) Chloroplasts contain pigments. C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA. D) A single, highly folded plasma membrane surrounds chloroplasts.
C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
71) Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria? A) Mitochondria have cell walls. B) The plasma membrane of a mitochondrion, forming the surface of this organelle, is the site of many important steps of cellular respiration. C) Mitochondria have their own DNA. D) Mitochondria rely upon proteins as their source of energy.
C) Mitochondria have their own DNA.
24) The nuclear envelope is composed of ________. A) chromatin B) DNA C) a double membrane D) carbohydrates
C) a double membrane
25) The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________. A) nucleoli B) RNA C) chromatin D) ribosomes
C) chromatin
43) If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ________. A) shrivel B) divide into two cells C) digest itself D) need to manufacture more lysosomes
C) digest itself
42) Lysosomes are responsible for ________. A) lipid synthesis B) cellular respiration C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell D) protein synthesis
C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
47) A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ________. A) in a marine environment B) within the cells of another organism C) in fresh water D) in ice
C) in fresh water
69) What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts? A) Mitochondria can sometimes divide to produce chloroplasts. B) Only mitochondria have their own DNA. C) Some mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them. D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.
D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.
74) If you were treating a patient infected with this species of bacteria, which antibiotic would you prescribe the person such that the bacteria were killed most effectively? A) Antibiotic A B) Antibiotic B C) Antibiotic C D) Antibiotic D
D) Antibiotic D
32) The endomembrane system includes ________. A) ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
68) The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well. Why does the poster say "No Antibiotics Please"? A) His illness may be caused by an allergy to penicillin. B) Antibiotics should be taken only to promote growth. C) His illness is caused by bacteria. D) His illness is caused by a virus.
D) His illness is caused by a virus.
18) ________ are the major lipids of plasma membranes. A) Steroids B) Fatty acids C) Starches D) Phospholipids
D) Phospholipids
10) Which statement about prokaryotes is FALSE? A) Pili help prokaryotes attach to surfaces. B) A capsule may be located external to the cell wall. C) Most prokaryotes have a cell wall. D) The cell wall is internal to the cell membrane.
D) The cell wall is internal to the cell membrane.
64) Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the BEST explanation? A) Tobacco interferes with the microtubule network of eggs thus weakening their structure. B) Tobacco interferes with the functioning of the flagella propelling sperm. C) Tobacco interferes with microfilament formation in sperm, thereby forcing the zygote to implant in a fallopian tube. D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.
D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.
1) Plants are susceptible to bacterial infections, which can damage their structure or even kill them. Which of the following would be the best antibiotic to treat a plant that is infected with bacteria? A) a drug that interferes with mitochondria function B) a drug that disrupts cell wall structure and function C) a drug that destroys the central vacuole D) a drug that blocks gene expression in circular chromosomes
D) a drug that blocks gene expression in circular chromosomes
62) Microtubules are associated with ________. A) cilia B) flagella C) cell shape D) all of the answer choices
D) all of the answer choices
29) Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes ________. A) make proteins inside the nucleus B) are found on the plasma membrane C) are attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus
D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus
48) In plant cells, ________ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons. A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) lysosomes D) central vacuoles
D) central vacuoles
55) Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) mitochondrion C) ribosome D) chloroplast
D) chloroplast
The figure below shows a Paramecium, a single-celled freshwater protist. The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are ________. A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) flagella D) cilia
D) cilia
20) According to the fluid mosaic model, a membrane ________. A) is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids between two layers of proteins B) is composed of a single layer of fluid phospholipids between two layers of proteins C) is composed of a mosaic of fluid polysaccharides and proteins D) is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins
D) is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins
28) Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes? A) nucleus B) cytoplasm C) endoplasmic reticulum D) nucleolus
D) nucleolus
45) Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? A) muscle cell B) nerve cell C) bacterial cell D) phagocytic white blood cell
D) phagocytic white blood cell
13) You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it is likely to be a(n) ________ cell. A) prokaryotic B) animal C) bacterial D) plant
D) plant
7) When using a microscope to view cells you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ________ cell. A) plant B) eukaryotic C) fungal D) prokaryotic
D) prokaryotic
36) A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________. A) store large quantities of water B) import and export large quantities of protein C) actively secrete large quantities of protein D) synthesize large quantities of lipids
D) synthesize large quantities of lipids
61) Which of the following organelles is/are bound by a double membrane? A) nucleus B) lysosome C) mitochondria D) peroxisome E) Golgi apparatus F) A and B G) A and C F) A, B, and C
G) A and C
101) The extracellular matrix of animal cells consists of a protein called ________, which holds cells together in tissues and has supportive and protective functions.
collagen
80)______Plasma membrane
boundary between cell and external environment
83)______Nuclear envelope
boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm
76)______Nucleus
central command center for cell activity
82)______Mitochondria
energy production
100) Animal cells lack a cell wall, but most animal cells secrete a sticky coat called the __________.
extracellular matrix
T/F 86) Plant cells do not have mitochondria because they have chloroplasts instead.
false
T/F 89) Cell walls can be found in both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
false
