Chapter 4: ABO and Hh Blood Group Systems
Unknown plasma tested with commercial cells
Reverse grouping
What Phenotype? Genotype AA, AO
A
3 Different patterns of agglutination
A, B, C (Cells sticking together)
3 Alleles for ABO genetics
A, B, O
Most common subgroup of A
A1
Common subgroups of A
A1 and A2
What phenotype? Genotype AB
AB
Most common cause of jaundice in newborn; Occurs commonly when mother is group ____
ABO HDFN; O
Testing for both antigen(s) on RBCs and antibody (its) in plasma
ABO testing
Patient plasma or commercially prepared reagent antisera
Antibody sources
Patient cells; commercially prepared reagent cells, donor cells, cells retrieved from umbilical cord
Antigen sources
What phenotype? Genotype BB, BO
B
ABO antigens are what?
Carbohydrates (Not a protein)
Gene for ABO blood group system resides on
Chromosome 9
Immunodominant sugar for B antigen
D-galactose
Immunodominant sugar for H antigen
L-Fucose
Presence of ____ antigens can help determine whether person is a secretor or consecrator; What kind of test?
Lewis; inhibition test
ABO Group: A 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma
1) A 2) Anti-B
ABO Group: AB 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma
1) A and B 2) None
ABO Group: B 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma
1) B 2) Anti-A
Genes Present: H and O 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?
1) H 2) O
Genes Present: H and A 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?
1) H and A 2) A
Genes Present: H and B 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?
1) H and B 2) B
Genes Present: H, A, and B 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?
1) H, A, B 2) AB
Genes Present: hh and A, B, or O 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?
1) No H and no or little ABO 2) Bombay (or para-Bombay)
ABO Group: O 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma
1) None 2) Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-AB
hh and se/se genotypes; lack H substance on RBCs and secretions
Bombay phenotype
Unknown cells tested with commercial sera
Forward grouping
The ____ antigen is the precursor substance for both A and B antigens
H antigen
Most ABO antibodies are which Ig class?
IgM
Sugar that makes one antigen different from another antigen
Immunodominant sugar
Immunodominant sugar for A antigen
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
Antibodies that develop without any stimulus; Babies not born with ABO antibodies
Naturally occurring gantibodies
Donors with very weak A antigen expression may be mistyped as group ____
O
Most common ABO blood group
O
What phenotype? Genotype OO
O
What genes are an amorphs?
O and h
H, A, and/or B antigens in secretions and plasma
Para-Bombay
Most common causes of transfusion associated deaths
TRALI (Transfusion-related acute lung injury)
Refers to being silent or hidden
amorph
IgM causes ____ hemolysis
intravascular
Destruction of RBCs inside veins and arteries
intravascular hemolysis
People who are se/se do not produce any A, B, or H antigen in their secretions
non-secretors
Se/se or Se/Se people who have ABO antigens in their fluids
secretors
ABO antigens reside on ____ molecules attached to outside of ____ ____
sugar; RBC membrane
