Chapter 4: ABO and Hh Blood Group Systems

Unknown plasma tested with commercial cells

Reverse grouping

What Phenotype? Genotype AA, AO

A

3 Different patterns of agglutination

A, B, C (Cells sticking together)

3 Alleles for ABO genetics

A, B, O

Most common subgroup of A

A1

Common subgroups of A

A1 and A2

What phenotype? Genotype AB

AB

Most common cause of jaundice in newborn; Occurs commonly when mother is group ____

ABO HDFN; O

Testing for both antigen(s) on RBCs and antibody (its) in plasma

ABO testing

Patient plasma or commercially prepared reagent antisera

Antibody sources

Patient cells; commercially prepared reagent cells, donor cells, cells retrieved from umbilical cord

Antigen sources

What phenotype? Genotype BB, BO

B

ABO antigens are what?

Carbohydrates (Not a protein)

Gene for ABO blood group system resides on

Chromosome 9

Immunodominant sugar for B antigen

D-galactose

Immunodominant sugar for H antigen

L-Fucose

Presence of ____ antigens can help determine whether person is a secretor or consecrator; What kind of test?

Lewis; inhibition test

ABO Group: A 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma

1) A 2) Anti-B

ABO Group: AB 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma

1) A and B 2) None

ABO Group: B 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma

1) B 2) Anti-A

Genes Present: H and O 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?

1) H 2) O

Genes Present: H and A 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?

1) H and A 2) A

Genes Present: H and B 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?

1) H and B 2) B

Genes Present: H, A, and B 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?

1) H, A, B 2) AB

Genes Present: hh and A, B, or O 1) Ags present on RBC membrane? 2) Phenotype?

1) No H and no or little ABO 2) Bombay (or para-Bombay)

ABO Group: O 1) Ags Present on RBC 2) Ab Present in Plasma

1) None 2) Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-AB

hh and se/se genotypes; lack H substance on RBCs and secretions

Bombay phenotype

Unknown cells tested with commercial sera

Forward grouping

The ____ antigen is the precursor substance for both A and B antigens

H antigen

Most ABO antibodies are which Ig class?

IgM

Sugar that makes one antigen different from another antigen

Immunodominant sugar

Immunodominant sugar for A antigen

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

Antibodies that develop without any stimulus; Babies not born with ABO antibodies

Naturally occurring gantibodies

Donors with very weak A antigen expression may be mistyped as group ____

O

Most common ABO blood group

O

What phenotype? Genotype OO

O

What genes are an amorphs?

O and h

H, A, and/or B antigens in secretions and plasma

Para-Bombay

Most common causes of transfusion associated deaths

TRALI (Transfusion-related acute lung injury)

Refers to being silent or hidden

amorph

IgM causes ____ hemolysis

intravascular

Destruction of RBCs inside veins and arteries

intravascular hemolysis

People who are se/se do not produce any A, B, or H antigen in their secretions

non-secretors

Se/se or Se/Se people who have ABO antigens in their fluids

secretors

ABO antigens reside on ____ molecules attached to outside of ____ ____

sugar; RBC membrane