Chapter 4: Cartilage and bone Study Questions

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its _____________. A. diaphysis B. cartilage C. epiphysis D. metaphysis

A

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the epiphysis. A. Proximal B. Lateral C. Distal D. Medial

A

Which is a function of cartilage? A. It supports the auricle of the ear. B. It makes up the composition of fingernails. C. It supports the upper eyelid D. It supports the bridge (top) of the nose.

A

_____________are large phagocytic cells found in bone A. Osteoclasts B. Osteoblasts C. Osteoprogenitor cells D. Osteocytes

A

About one-third of bone mass is composed of______________. A. inorganic components B. organic components

B

Chondrocytes sits in holes called _______________ A. canaliculi B. lacunae C. fissures D. sinuses

B

In osteolysis, the liberated calcium ____________. A. enters bone matrix B. enters the blood C. enters bone marrow

B

Osification begins _____________. A. At puberty B. In the embryo C. In a newborn baby D. After the age of 3

B

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through_____________ossification. A. Primary B. Endochondral C. Secondary D. Intramembranous

B

Cartilage is what type of tissue? A. Epithelial tissue B. Nervous tissue C. Muscle tissue D. Connective tissue

D

Interstitial bone growth occurs within the _________________ of a bone. A. endosteum B. diaphysis C. periosteum D. epiphyseal plate

D

The structure that replaces the epiphyseal plate in adult bone is the _____________. A. medullary cavity B. periosteum C. yellow bone marrow D. epiphyseal line

D

The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called_____________ossification. A. secondary B. endochondral C. primary D. intramembranous

D

Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone? A. Metaphyseal artery B. Epiphyseal artery C. Periosteal artery D. Nutrient artery

D

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called_____________. A. articular cartilage B. epiphyseal cartilage C. fibrocartilage D. long cartilage

A

An osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of A. compact bone B. spongy bone

A

Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______________ bones. A. short B. long C. flat D. irregular

A

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form _________________ In the matrix of bone. A. hydroxyapatite crystals B. calcium carbonate C. ground substance D. collagen fibers

A

Osteoblasts function to _______________. A. produce osteoid B. destroy blood cells C. break down bone matrix D. synthesize new blood cells

A

The medullary cavity of adult bone contains___________bone marrow. A. White B. Yellow C. Red D. Pink

B

The organic components of bone provide____________. A. calcification B. resistance to stretching C. compressional strength D. hardness

B

The release of stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix is called________________. A. Ossification B. Osteolysis C. Diffusion D. Phagocytosis

B

The_____________substance is the semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers; it is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone. A. Bone B. Ground C. Plasma D. Celullar

B

True or False: Typically bones of athletes become noticeably thinner as a result of repetitive and stressful exercise. A. True B. False

B

True or false: Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones. A. True B. False

B

When osteoblast activity out paces osteoclast activity, bone mass_______________. A. decreases B. increases

B

Which is an organic component of bone? A. Calcium B. Collagen fibers C. Hydroxyapatite D. Phosphate E. Salts

B

A thin line of compact bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a mature bone is called the _______________. A. periosteum B. epiphyseal membrane C. epiphyseal line D. endosteum

C

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the________________. A. articular cartilage B. endosteum C. periosteum D. bone marrow

C

Bone growth within a membrane is called ______________. A. endochondral ossification B. primary ossification C. intramembranous ossification D. secondary ossification

C

Growth along the periphery of cartilage is called _____________ growth. A. Peripheral B. Primary C. Appositional D. Secondary

C

Growth from within cartilage is called ______________. A. ossification B. intramembranous growth C. interstitial growth D. appositional growth

C

In an individual consuming a severe protein-deficient diet, how might their bones be affected? A. They will likely contain a higher proportion of cartilage than normal. B. They will likely be weak and flexible. C. They will likely be very brittle. D. They will likely be much larger than normal.

C

In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in_____________. A. cartilage B. the periosteum C. blood vessels of bone D. the endosteum

C

Mature bone cells are called ___________. A. osteoblasts B. osteoclast C. osteocytes D. osteoprogenitor cells

C

Regular weight bearing exercise will_________bone mass. A. decrease B. Stay the same C. increase

C

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the______________. A. canaliculus B. lamella C. central canal D. trabecula

C

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ____________. A. endosteum B. lacuna C. medullary cavity D. epiphyseal plate

C

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ____________. A. Bone B. Cartilage C. Osteocytes D. Bone marrow

C

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength? A. inorganic components B. Blood C. organic components D. Osteocytes

C

Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity? A. Parathyroid hormone B. Thyroid hormone C. Calcitonin D. Growth hormone

C

Which vitamin promotes collagen production? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin E C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D

C

In the structure of the epiphyseal plate, the zone farthest away from the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is the zone of _____________. A. ossification B. proliferating cartilage C. calcified cartilage D. hypertrophic cartilage E. resting cartilage

E