chapter 4

Narcolepsy

(families) a sleep attack, person falls asleep suddenly-15min and sleep paralysis rem disorder

pyschoactive substances

drugs have psychological effects such as stimulation or distortion of perception

Repression (Freud)

allows one to avoid feelings of anxiety, guilt or shame (bad events/trauma)

sleep terrors

frightening dream-like experiences occur in nrem sleep

stages of sleep

go from conscious to unconscious, associated with high frequency and amplitude brain waves, brain waves decrease

Opiates (depressant)

group of narcotics derived from the opium poppy that provides a euphoric rush (morphine heroin, codeine, demerol) pain relief med

hypnosis psychological influences

help cope with stress, enhance their immune system, overcome fears, stop smoking, weight loss

midnfulness meditation

help focusing on the present rather than ruminating about problems; coping with anxiety and stress

individuals deprived of REM sleep

learn more sleep, forget what they have learned more quickly

what is consolidated during sleep?

learning experiences and memories

a concept with many meanings

includes sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of your thoughts and feelings, persona unity, and the walk state

stimulants

increase the activity of the nervous system

sleep disorders that interfere with functioning

insomnia, narcolepsy/sleep paralysis, sleep apnea

direct inner awareness

knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of sensory organs

Depressants

lowers activity of nervous system

Pre-conscious

material is not currently in awareness but is readily available "what did you eat for breakfast?"

Electromography (EMG)

monitors muscles tension; used by sports psychologist (train athletes in relaxing specific muscle groups so that anxiety and tensions are controlled)

characters in one's dreams

more likely to be neighbors/friends then spies monsters or princes

people with frequent nightmares

more likely to have depression, anxiety, and other psychological problems

Alcohol (depressant)

most abused drug, linked to productivity, loss of employment, lowering social status

sleep apnea

can lead to hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. tx includes wt loss, surgery, continuous away pressure(CPAP)

Amphetamines (stimulant)

can produce euphoric feeling, individuals may fall into deep sleep or depression tolerance develops quickly and users can become dependent

binge drinking

connected with aggressive behavior, poor grades, promiscuity, and accidents effects; lower inhibitions, induces feelings of euphoria & elation, impairs cognitive functioning and coordination

suppression (non freud)

conscious ejection of unwanted mental events from awareness

circadian rhythm

cycle connected with the 24hr period of the earth's rotation; cycle of wakefulness and sleep is 24hrs long

hrs of sleep

newborns: 16 hrs teens: 12 or more hrs adults: need less but may need to nap during day

deep sleep disorders

occur in 3 or 4 sleep, more common in children

Continuity hypothesis

people are pre-occupied with illness or death, sexual aggressions or urges, or moral dilemmas, they are likely to dream about them

hypnosis

people suggestible and behave as though in a trance

deep sleep disorders that interfere with functioning

sleep terrors, bed-wetting, sleepwalking

altered state of consciousness

sleep, meditation, hypnosis, drugs

sleepwalking

somnambulism, 7-15% children 2% adults, half of children talk in their sleep

acetylcholine (muscle contractions) and pons

stimulate response that lead to dreaming

biofeedback training (BFT)

system that provides info about a bodily function for one to gain self control over it (uses EMG)

sleep apnea

temporary cessation of breathing during sleep

freud theorized what?

that dreams reflect unconscious wishes and urges (part of our urges)

selective attention

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. adaptation to one's environment involves learning which stimuli must be attended to and which can be safely ignored. makes people's senses keener

Sigmund Freud

the founder of psychoanalysis, differentiated between thoughts and feelings of which we are conscious and those that are pre-conscious and unconscious

Conscious as personal unity

through development, people develop a sense of being individuals impression thoughts and feelings make up conscious

hypnosis today

used in medical procedures to help cope with stress, enhance their immune system, childbirth, medical procedures

Ritalin and Adderall

used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children(ADHD) increase the risks for sleep disorder and loss of appetite

meditation

various way of focusing one's conscious to alter one's relationship to the world; alter relationship between self and environment

selective attention sample

we can pick out speech of a particular person across a room- known as cocktail effect

suppression (non-freudian)

when people choose to stop thinking about unacceptable ideas or distractions, they are using this " i should be studying "

abstinence syndrome

withdrawal symptoms, craving occurs without substance

mantras (TM)

words or sounds help achieve altered state of conscious

Barbiturates (depressant)

relieve anxiety, tension, pain treat epilepsy, high bp, insomnia rapidly lead to physiological and psychological dependence

show rem rebound

rem sleep-deprived individuals spend more time in rem sleep during subsequent sleep periods

substance use disorder

repeated use of substances leads to impaired functioning characterized by loss of control over the usage social impairment, risky use, and tolerance, withdrawal symptoms

consciousness

sensory awareness of our environment

insomnia

40% American adults, more common in older adults than younger (due to poor health and pain)

nightmares occur when?

REM sleep

personal unity

as people develop they differentiate themselves from which is not their own self. impressions thoughts and feelings make up their consciousness- continuing sense of self in world (forms intention and guides behavior)

unconscious

descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness also without consciousness

required amount of sleep

genetically determined, additional sleep needed when a person is under stress

altered consciousness

hypnosis, meditation, biofeedback

people who are easily hypnotized are?

hypnotic suggestibility (hypnosis is not sleep)

dreams

imagery is produced in the absence of external stimulation most vivid during rem in color or b&w involves memos of the day (traumatic events = nightmares) reflection of unconscious desires, suggested by freud

Freud believed What?

painful memories sexual and aggressive impulses are unacceptable to people so they automatically (unconsciously) eject them from awareness -repress, repression of theses memos and impulses allow people to avoid feelings of anxiety guilt or shame

opioids

produced in laboratory

Transcendental Meditation

produces relation response, have measurable goals

cocktail party effect

selective attention makes one's senses sharp and helps pick a specific stimuli among others

consciousness is?

self and the waking state