Chapter 4 Living with Art

10. Explain the unique effects of Baker-Miller pink. Why are restaurants often decorated in red?

Baker miller pink- has been shown to calm agitated or aggressive behavior, producing a tranquilizing effect that lasts for about 30 min. red stimulates appetite

28. Explain the term "kinetic art". Who is considered to be one of its founders?

Greeks, art that moves comes from Kenetos

7. How did contemporary artist Doug Wheeler's childhood influence him to become an artist "whose work increases our awareness of light as a presence in our world"? What do you think he meant when he said, "...That's what I started playing with as an artist: not looking at things but the tension in between things"?

He spent childhood in open spaces of american southwest. i found clouds created this sense of space, defining space, making it feel dimensional. spatial relationships and helps reveal the material world to us

11. Whose experiments proved that colors are actually components of light? Are all colors dependent upon light? Explain.

Sir Issac Newton yes all dependent on light because we see color as reflected light rays

25. What kind of device is shown in Albrecht Dürer's woodcut The Draftsman Drawing a Reclining Nude, c. 1527? How does Dürer's image illustrate the strengths and drawbacks of linear perspective?

The obelisk serves to focus his glance. strength: scientifically accurate system for rendering space and reactionships within space as we perceive them standing in one fixed place, with one eye open, staring at fixed points along one eye level. but in life we have two eyes not one and they are in motion constantly.

20. Our author states that "There are many visual cues that we use to perceive spatial relationships in depth. One of the simplest is overlap..." What does this mean? Our author also states that the "...second visual cue is position..." Explain how position and overlap are used by the artist in Maharana Amar Singh II, Prince Sangram Singh and Courtiers Watch the Performance of an Acrobat and Musicians, Rajasthan, Mewar, c. 1705-08.

When two from overlap the one we perceive as complete is in front of the one we perceive as partial. he over laps elephants and horses and puts the prince in clear focal perspective to show importance

23. What kind of issues face those who work to conserve art? Why is the decision to restore a work sometimes controversial?

atmosphere, temperture, exposure, dust microbes can all fade or affect older hols of art. they are controversial because sometimes restoration techniques can be more harmful than they are good.

27. What does the term "isometric" or "aerial" perspective mean? What cultures often use this type of perspective instead of the linear perspective favored by Westerners for the past 500 years?

chineese and muslim painters use diagonal lines but without allowing parallels to converge this system is known and Isometric perspective.

15. Define the term "color harmony". Explain the characteristics of monochromatic, complementary, analogous, and triadic color harmonies.

color harmony: color scheme, is selective use of two or more colors in a single composition. monochromatic: harmonies are composed of variations on the same hue. often with differences of value and intensity. complementary: harmonies involve colors directly opposite of each other on the color wheel , such as red and green analogous: harmonies combine colors adjacent to one another on the color wheel triadic: harmonies are composed of any three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel

18. Explain the term "pattern" as it relates to visual art.

decorative repetitive motif or design. pattern can create visual texture.

9. Explain the terms "hatching", "crosshatching", and "stippling". Which techniques were used by artist Charlie White in "Untitled", 1979?

hatching: gray as the highest value, white is the next step down hatching areas of closely spaced parallel lines as on the front of the forehead or the side of the nose Crosshatching: darker values were achieved through additional sets or parallel lines laid across the first. Stippling: areas in which dots average through optical mixing into values. he used hatching and crosshatching

13. Explain the terms "hue", "value", and "intensity" as they relate to color properties.

hue: name of color depending on categories on color wheel Value: relative lightness or darkness intensity: relative purity of colors . pure colors have higher intensity.

1. What are the eight visual elements of art? Which of the elements can best be strictly defined as "the path of a moving point"?

line, shape, mass,light, color,texture, pattern,and space. Line is moving point

21. What is "linear perspective"? During what period did artists take "...up linear perspective with as much delight as a child takes up a new toy"? Define the terms "vanishing point" and "horizon line".

linear perspective is the application of two techniques. 1. dorm seem to diminish in size as they recede from us 2. parallel lines receding into the distance seem to converge, until they meet at a point on the horizon line where they disappear. This point is known as VANISHING POINT. HORIZONTAL LINE: two edges that seem to draw closer together until they disappear at the horizon line.

30. Does Jennifer Steinkamp's video installation Dervish, 2004 depend upon camera images? Explain.

no not necessarily. digitally animated trees projected on a wall in dark room.

4. Explain the term "implied lines".

our eyes pick up on lines that are implied. example dotted line or line of sight

3. What is the difference between an "outline" and a "contour line"? How did Jennifer Pastor use contour lines in The Perfect Ride, 2000?

outlines: defines 2D shape contour lines: we draw to record boundaries to show the motions of a bull ride. they show fully rounded forms

26. Explain the term "atmospheric perspective". Why is the use of atmospheric perspective a prominent aspect in Albert Bierstadt's The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak, 1863?

particles of moisture and dust suspended into the atmosphere and scatter light. it is the third a final element of the optically based system for representing the world that was developed during renaissance.

Explain the term "chiaroscuro". When and where did this technique originate? According to our author, who was "One of the great masters of chiaroscuro...?"

perfected by itialian painters during the renaissance. It is itallian for light/dark

12. Why are red, yellow, and blue considered to be primary colors? What is the term for a color that results from mixing two primary colors? Define the term "intermediate colors", also known as "tertiary colors". Which colors are considered to be warm colors? Which colors are considered to be cool colors?

primary: they can't be created by another mixture Secondary colors are result of mixing two primary colors tertiary colors: mixing primary and adjacent secondary color. Warm: red yellow orange Cool: blue green purples

5. What is the difference between "shape" and "mass"? Into what two broad categories can shapes and masses be divided? What are the characteristics of the two categories?

shape: 2d it occupies an area with identifiable boundaries. mass: 3d it occupies a volume of space. ex: mass of clay or mountains or architecture. geometric and organic geometric: regular named shapes and volumes of square triangle circle cube pyramid and sphere organic: masses of irregular and evoke the living forms of nature.

2. According to our author, what are the primary functions of line in art? What are directional lines? What are the qualities of flat, horizontal lines? What kinds of lines are considered to be the most dynamic? What type of quality do vertical lines suggest?

symbols and sounds. they direct our eyes around an image and to suggest movement. Horizontal: seem placid like the horizon line or a body in repose. Vertical: defy gravty in upward thrust The most dynamic are diagonals

24. Explain the term "foreshortening". How is foreshortening used in Hans Baldung Grien's The Groom and the Witch, c. 1540?

the logic of linear perspective must apply to every form that recedes into the distance, including objects an human and animal forms. the groom lying perpendicular to the picture plane is foreshortened.

22. Explain Leonardo da Vinci's use of linear perspective in The Last Supper. Where is the vanishing point located?

the vanishing point is right behind Jesus's head, in the center of the picture.

29. Could Nick Cave's Soundsuits be categorized as traditional sculpture? Is it meant to be viewed motionless in a gallery? Why or why not? For its full effect, who is depended upon in Nick's work?

they are meant to be worn and danced, and to be seen in motion. the full effect on the motion of yet another potential participant, the performer

6. Define "implied shapes". How did Raphael use "implied shape" in The Madonna of the Meadows, 1505?

visual information as a whole-even though that the whole doesn't exist. He grouped figures of Mary, the young john the baptist, and young Jesus so we perceive them as a triangular whole.

19. What term refers to "a dynamic visual element that interacts with the lines and shapes and colors and textures of a work of art to give them definition"?

visual texture

Define the terms "visual texture" and "actual texture". Explain how they differ.

visual texture: before touching surface we have formed an idea of its texture by observing the way it reflects light and associating what we see with a sense of memory of touch. texture: literally tactile , a quality we could experience through touch.

16. What does "simultaneous contrast" mean? How is it related to the optical effect "afterimage"?

where complementary colors appear more intense when placed side by side. afterimage: color fatigues the receptors in our eyes, which compensate when allowed to rest by producing the colors complementary as a ghostly after image in the mind.

14. Do colors behave differently depending upon whether an artist is working with light or with pigment? Explain. What types of artists work with light? What type of process do artists who work with light use? What type of process is used when artists use pigments? What happens when complementary colors are mixed when using pigments? How does this differ when they are mixed using light?

yes. light has be worked as an additive process. -lighting designers pigment artists use a subtractive process. closer in complemernaty the duller they will be when mixed.