Chapter 4 Newspapers
The first newspapers in the American colonies contributed to the political discussion of the day.
False
What caused the Rocky Mountain News to close down?
It was not attracting younger readers, but internet news sites were attracting them. In addition, advertisers had also moved away from newspapers to internet sites.
If you include online readership with print readership, total readership of newspapers is still declining.
True
Internet news sites have had a tremendous impact on dwindling newspaper circulations.
True
Local newspapers are closing at dramatic rates around the United States.
True
Predictions about the demise of print newspapers have been around for several decades.
True
Strict standards against plagiarism and fabrication are part of journalistic ethics.
True
The common use of computers has helped the development of precision journalism.
True
The first newspaper is commonly thought to have been published by the ancient Romans.
True
The objective style of journalism demands that the reporter not reveal his opinion in the story.
True
Newspapers became popular in early seventeenth-century Europe despite what concern?
fear of persecution
News about taxes going up in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, is and example of _________ news.
local
Since the 1950s, local newspapers have lost business to:
local TV news
The loss of newspapers' revenue to the internet hits hardest at the:
local level
News about taxes going up for U.S. corporations is an example of ______________ news.
national
What is considered an advantage of online news sources over print newspapers?
news can be published as soon as it happens
One criticism of newspapers' claim to objectivity is that they choose articles based on:
possible financial gain
The New York Morning Herald introduced which journalistic method?
sending reporters to the news scene
A newspaper story with the fundamental facts in the first paragraph is an example of:
the inverted pyramid
Which tactics are journalists prohibited from using?
-fabrication -plagiarism
What are some of the major threats to newspapers since the beginning of the twenty-first century?
-a drop in subscriptions -loss of advertisers -access to other sources of news, such as the internet
Factors in the decline in newspaper readership?
-competition from other electronic media -more women in the workforce -difficulty attracting younger readers -the cost of subscriptions
Parts of watchdog journalism:
-independent scrutiny of government -documenting and questioning government activities -investigating business activities -rigorous investigations
The results of news deserts, according to researcher Penelope Muse Abernathy?
-little identification with objective news -trust in democracy -lessened sense of community with others
Which of the following influences journalistic models and styles?
-location -political climate -readership -competition
How did the invention of the printing press change publishing?
-lowered the cost of printing -made printed material available to a mass market -permitted high-quality reproduction of printed material much faster
What were some of the consequences of newspapers being freed from government control in England?
-more frequent publication -became active players in commerce -the addition of advertisements and market reports.
As online news becomes more and more available for free:
-newspapers struggle to remain competitive -a. newspapers struggle to retain their readers
Many smaller cities and towns do not have newspapers to:
-provide a community forum -report on education -watch over government officials -keep up with community health issues
Wire services such as the Associated Press (AP):
-were based on telegraph services -were cooperative arrangements between multiple papers -allowed for more reliable reporting -allowed editors to collect news as it broke
At least, how many newspapers have gone out of business since 2004?
1800
When did the term "news desert" become well-known?
2020s
What was the factor that decimated the newspaper business starting in 2020?
COVID-19 pandemic
Who called the big newspapers, such as The New York Times and The Washington Post, "the enemy of the people"?
Donald Trump
Describe an example of The New York Times exerting agenda-setting power.
During the 1993 debate over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Times often wrote in support of the agreement. In doing so, the paper was accused of supporting interests of their elite audience and advertisers.
What did Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation do to revive The Wall Street Journal?
He promised to pour money into the paper and use his satellite networks in Europe and Asia to spread the Journal content around the world.
Describe what some towns are doing to try to solve the problem of news deserts.
In some cities, a locally run, community-focused organization reports on particular areas of interest, from education to health care. In other towns, philanthropic foundations support media. In still other towns, wealthy benefactors or even tech giants fund reporting.
What are some of the difficulties of watchdog journalism?
It often requires a vigorous investigation, and journalists may not have the time needed. Journalists need to try to keep up with news as it breaks, so are not afforded the time to research the information or learn the necessary skills, personal and political, needed to write a watchdog story.
Who helped advance a discussion about the role of a free press?
John Milton
What is literary journalism?
Journalism that combines journalistic and fictional styles.
What was a major outcome of the Zenger trial in New York?
Newspapers could print honest criticism of the government.
What is the underground press?
Papers that are typically printed with a small budget and that cover stories and events of interest to members of alternative or counter cultures.
Who are the "new media barons"?
Private equity fund groups, hedge fund groups, and other investment groups.
Freedom of the press in the United States is protected by _____________________.
The 1st Amendment to the Constitution
Describe an example of journalists being held to high standards of truth and originality.
The New Republic journalist Stephen Glass was fired in 1998 for inventing stories, quotes, and sources.
1. "All the News That's Fit to Print" is on the masthead of:
The New York Times
Which newspaper did Rupert Murdoch purchase in 2007?
The Wall Street Journal
The internet has had a profound effect on journalism. Describe some of these effects and what newspapers are doing to try to adapt to these new conditions. Do you think they will be successful? Support your opinion.
The internet is able to break news faster and is not limited by space. In addition, in the fast-paced world, which is full of media devices, consumers often only have enough time to check the headlines on their computer rather than sit and read the paper.
Describe some of the factors that led to the development of interpretive journalism.
The world was becoming more complex, and readers wanted a deeper explanation of what was happening. Competition from radio and television also helped promote interpretive journalism.
What is one way that newspapers control the public's access to information?
They determine which stories are important enough to get published.
What was the importance of the development of the penny press in the 1830s?
They expanded the readership of newspapers to mainstream consumers and started to cover stories that appealed to a broad range of people.
Watchdog journalism is considered an important function of newspapers.
True
One of the critiques of objective journalism:
Truly objective writing is impossible.
Which newspaper often has the highest print circulation in a given year?
USA Today
In 2019, the writers and artists group, PEN America, put out a report stating that the status of local newspapers is:
a "mass extinction event"
The Wall Street Journal focuses on what types of articles?
about business and finance
Besides readers, newspapers also have to please __________ and _________.
advertisers, stockholders
A story about how a factory is leaking pollutants into the local water supply, which suggests that people boycott its products, is an example of which type of journalism?
advocacy
Reporters who act as government watchdogs and report on government activities are likely to be which kind of journalist?
advocate
The 2020 U.S. presidential election drew people away from newspapers and to:
cable television news channels
During the 1930s, newspapers had what challenge for the first time?
competition from a different news medium
How a story is presented is an example of ________________.
editorial control
What was one major result of the development of the penny press in the 1830s?
expanded readership and reach of newspapers
The most significant challenge facing newspapers today is _____________.
the internet
A newspaper story that provides the facts and then provides more background information and analysis of the information is an example of _____________.
interpretive journalism
When did local newspaper circulations stop growing?
late 1900s
Large regions of the country that have no local news providers are called:
news deserts
A newspaper that carries articles only about events affecting the local Latino community is an example of a ___________ newspaper.
niche
The term op-ed is short for:
opposite the editorial page
What is the digital feature that The New York Times introduced in 2011 to increase revenue?
paywall
A newspaper story about a serial killer, with vivid descriptions of what happened to his victims, could be considered an example of _________________.
sensationalism
Sensationalism in newspapers was known for this:
shocking headlines
1. USA Today developed a more visual style of journalism, using more pictures and shorter stories, in order to compete with:
television
An example of interpretive journalism:
the impact of tax cuts on the working poor
What was one reason The New York Times started to use objective reporting?
to satisfy a wide range of readers
The Chicago Tribune is known for which type of journalism?
watchdog
Woodward and Bernstein's Watergate report is an example of what journalistic style?
watchdog
Much of the shift to online news reading can be attributed to ______________.
younger generations