Chapter 4 Online Quiz Questions

Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell? mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes Golgi complex

A

An amino sugar called N-acetylmuramic acid is an important building block of the cell wall of some bacteria. Penicillin prevents this amino sugar from being incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Therefore, penicillin affects bacteria but not eukaryotes because eukaryotic cell walls are different. bacterial cells that had already formed their cell walls would be unaffected. penicillin would stop the growth of active colonies of susceptible bacteria. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

Each time the water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. However, in the frozen state, virtually no chemical reactions occur. The most likely explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of the Golgi bodies and their vesicles. lysosomes and resultant autodigestion. rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes. ribosomes causing them to break into subunits. the nuclear membrane causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

B

After proteins are formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which they could be transported? mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus nucleus

C

Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells? A true nucleus contains the chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments. They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells. They all contain mitochondria. They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.

C

Which of the following is NOT offered as evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory, the belief that a eukaryotic cell has evolved as a "committee" of prokaryotic cells? Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size and structure to some species of bacteria. The ribosomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to bacteria. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA coding separate from the eukaryotic nucleus. All of the choices offer support of the endosymbiotic theory.

C

Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are vacuoles. vesicles. glyoxisomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes.

E

Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. What figure has the greatest surface area (height x width x number of sides x number of cubes)? Figure A Figure B Figure C All of these are the same.

Figure C

Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. What figure has the greatest surface area : volume ratio? Figure A Figure B Figure C All of these are the same.

Figure C

Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria Golgi apparatus ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

The springtail is a very common small insect that lives in rotten logs, rich soil, and other humid places. Its cuticle is water repelling (hydrophobic) except for a strange organ, the collophore, on its ventral side. Because it lacks the excretory organs of other insects, the springtail has this organ in contact with the water (it is responsible for ion balance and secretion of wastes). If we examined the cell structure of this collophore, we would expect to find a high number of nuclei. ribosomes. Golgi bodies. lysosomes. centrioles.

Golgi bodies

1.)Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria? A mitochondrion has two membranes. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration. Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration. Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes. The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix.

Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration.

Which is a true statement about ribosomes? Ribosomes contain DNA and protein. Ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis. Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus. Polyribosomes are the subunits of ribosomes. Ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells.

Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.

Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy? The cell wall is located outside of the plasma membrane. The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall. There may be small rings of accessory DNA called plasmids. Bacteria may have fimbriae that help attach the bacteria to other structures.

The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall.

Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. If the figures represented cells, what size cell has the greatest potential to bring nutrients in and rid itself of waste. The cell in Figure A, one 4-cm cube. The individual cells in Figure B. The individual cells in Figure C. All cells have the same potential.

The individual cells in Figure C

Which statement about the nucleus is incorrect? The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell. The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out protein synthesis. The nucleus contains the instructions for copying itself. The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.

The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.

Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. What Figure has the greatest volume (height x width x length x number of cubes)? Figure A Figure B Figure C All of these have the same volume.

all have the same volume

What is the smallest unit of living matter? atom element Golgi apparatus cell nucleus

cell

A multicellular organism like a rabbit will be _______________. composed of many cells that are all the same type. composed of a single cell. composed of a variety of different cell types. composed of one giant cell.

composed of a variety of different cell types.

According to the endosymbiosis theory _______ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells. mitochondria Golgi apparatus lysosomes ribosomes

mitochondria

Cell biologists have introduced radioactively labeled carbohydrates, fats and amino acids to living cells, allowed time for cell metabolism, and then disrupted the cells in a blender and separated out the various cell organelles from the cytoplasm. They found the radioactive molecules could soon be detected as part of various cellular compounds, although the visible cell structures appeared unchanged. This leads us to conclude that these "food" molecules are used only for energy. most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt. radioactivity was transferred from the introduced molecules to the resident stable molecules. molecules diffuse at random through the cytoplasm and into cell organelles. radioactivity has an unusual role in metabolism of living cells.

most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt.

During cellular movement which of the following filaments will be the ones that are responsible for attaching and pulling the other filaments along? actin myosin trypsin intermediate filaments

myosin

Which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells? nucleoid region nucleus cell membrane cell wall ribosome

nucleoid region

Which cellular organelle is the most prominent? nucleus nucleolus lysosome mitochondria

nucleus

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of lipids within the cell? Golgi apparatus chloroplast vacuole peroxisome

peroxisome

Chloroplasts are to ____________ as ___________ are to aerobic respiration. stroma, cristae photosynthesis, mitochondria thylakoid membranes, matrix protein synthesis, lysosomes

photosynthesis, mitochondria

_______ are to ribosomes as lipids are to _________. carbohydrates; rough endoplasmic reticulum nucleoli; lysosomes sugars; peroxisomes proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

2.)Most bacteria live in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. The cell wall of a bacterium is a peptidoglycan polymer that is tightly cross-linked. This would therefore function to regulate the flow of most molecules into and out of the bacterial cell. provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling. provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from shrinking. confirm a close relationship to plant cells that have a similar structure and live in hypotonic solutions. make all bacteria fairly uniform in metabolic chemistry.

provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling.

What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein? Golgi body ribosome nucleus lysosome

ribosome

Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. As a cell increases in size, the: surface area increases as the volume decreases. surface area, volume and surface area volume ratio increases. surface area and volume increase, but the surface area: volume ratio decreases. surface area and volume decreases the surface area: volume ratio increases.

surface area and volume increase, but the surface area: volume ratio decreases.

As they flow over rotten logs as a fluid sheet, slime molds appear to lack any partitioning into individual cells; however, slime molds do become cellular when they change form to produce spores. The surface of some parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are a "syncytium" or layer of living material that contains many nuclei and cell organelles but lacks partitioning by cell membranes. These tissues consume food and produce wastes. In light of the cell theory that "all living things are composed of cells," then these tissues are not living because they are not cellular. these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells. the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds because these organisms are cellular at specific stages in their life cycle, but this shows that cell membrane partitions can be abandoned. this proves that a "vital force" beyond cell chemistry can give life to substances. All of the choices are true.

the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds because these organisms are cellular at specific stages in their life cycle, but this shows that cell membrane partitions can be abandoned.