Chapter 4

A human sperm cell contains

23 chromosomes

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

REM sleep

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

Depressants are drugs such as

barbituatants and opiates

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?

cafeine

We share 98.5% of our genetic code with

chimpanzees

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

cocaine

Alcohol consumption tends to

decrease self awareness and impulse control

Stimulants ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.

decrease, increase

Repeated use of an opiate

decreases the brains production of endorphins

The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and ________ nervous system activity.

decreases, decreases

Chromosomes are composed of

deoxyribonucleic acid.

n large doses, alcohol is a ________; in small amounts, it is a ________.

depressent

According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to

erotic wishes

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

feel powerless to overcome the addiction

Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to

gain social acceptance

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called

genes

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by

heredity

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

it underlying by censored meaning

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help.

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

marijuana, hallucinogion

A ________ of cocaine users become addicted within 10 years after their first use of the drug. The ________ of America's ex-smokers have kicked the tobacco habit on their own.

minority, majority

DNA is a complex

molecules

Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be

most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance.

Chromosomes are contained within

muscle cells, brain and sperm cells

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

names of the people he talked to while drinking and what he said

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

neuroadaption

Morphine and heroin are

opiates

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

personality traits

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

physical dependance

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

psychoactive

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

psychological dependence

Amphetamines are to ________ as barbiturates are to ________.

stimulants, depressents

Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in

temporment, extraversion, neuroticism

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug before experiencing its effects is an indication of

tolerance

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal.

Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

woman, less

Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

More,more

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

LSD

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?

LSD