Chapter 4
A human sperm cell contains
23 chromosomes
Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through
REM sleep
Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams
are triggered by random bursts of neural activity
Depressants are drugs such as
barbituatants and opiates
When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by
blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.
Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?
cafeine
We share 98.5% of our genetic code with
chimpanzees
Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of
cocaine
Alcohol consumption tends to
decrease self awareness and impulse control
Stimulants ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.
decrease, increase
Repeated use of an opiate
decreases the brains production of endorphins
The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and ________ nervous system activity.
decreases, decreases
Chromosomes are composed of
deoxyribonucleic acid.
n large doses, alcohol is a ________; in small amounts, it is a ________.
depressent
According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to
erotic wishes
The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to
feel powerless to overcome the addiction
Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to
gain social acceptance
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called
genes
Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by
heredity
According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to
it underlying by censored meaning
Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help.
THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.
marijuana, hallucinogion
A ________ of cocaine users become addicted within 10 years after their first use of the drug. The ________ of America's ex-smokers have kicked the tobacco habit on their own.
minority, majority
DNA is a complex
molecules
Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be
most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance.
Chromosomes are contained within
muscle cells, brain and sperm cells
After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember
names of the people he talked to while drinking and what he said
The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called
neuroadaption
Morphine and heroin are
opiates
Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.
personality traits
Physical pain and intense cravings indicate
physical dependance
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.
psychoactive
Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates
psychological dependence
Amphetamines are to ________ as barbiturates are to ________.
stimulants, depressents
Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in
temporment, extraversion, neuroticism
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug before experiencing its effects is an indication of
tolerance
When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of
withdrawal.
Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.
woman, less
Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.
More,more
An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of
LSD
Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?
LSD