chapter 4 Prokaryotic cells

54. The cell wall controls the movement of small molecules into and out of the cell. B) False

False

55. Bacterial endospores are reproductive structures. B) False

False

16. TRUE or FALSE? Antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes will not usually target eukaryotic ribosomes.

TRUE

17. TRUE or FALSE? Not all bacteria have plasmids - those that do carry genes that are useful but not essential.

TRUE

40. The thinnest cell walls are found in ________ organisms. A) Gram negative B) Gram positive C) Gram variable D) acid-fast

A) Gram negative

49. Some bacteria can transfer DNA to another cell using A) conjugation pili B) fimbriae C) axial filaments D) lophotrichous flagella

A) conjugation pili

53. A bacterial cell has a salt concentration of about 1%. If the cell is placed in a solution containing 10% salt, the net flow of water will be A) out of the cell B) into the cell C) equally in and out of the cell D) none of the above since water doesn't cross bacterial cell membranes

A) out of the cell

30. Bacteria which show a wide variety of shapes within a single species are said to be A) pleomorphic B) axenic C) acellular D) monomorphic

A) pleomorphic

36. Removal of the cell wall of a Gram positive bacteria results in the formation of a A) protoplast B) spheroplast C) periplast D) polyplast

A) protoplast

51. Osmosis most directly involves A) water moving down a concentration gradient B) organic molecules crossing a membrane C) energy being expended to import large molecules into the cell D) sugars and salts moving down their concentration gradient

A) water moving down a concentration gradient

27. Which of the following would be a reasonable diameter for a bacterial cell? A) 0.1 micrometers B) 5.0 micrometers C) 10 micrometers D) 50 micrometers

B) 5.0 micrometers

45. Endospores are typically found in the genera A) Streptococcus B) Clostridium C) Mycobacterium D) Staphylococci

B) Clostridium

39. Peptidoglycan makes up more than 50% of a ________ cell wall. A) Gram negative B) Gram positive C) Gram variable D) acid-fast

B) Gram positive

43. The Fluid-mosaic model describes the structure of A) cell walls B) cell membranes C) capsules D) slime layers

B) cell membranes

46. Endospores are usually induced to form when A) temperatures rise B) certain nutrients are depleted C) radiation is detected D) water is lost from the cell

B) certain nutrients are depleted

47. Bacteria move by means of A) cilia B) flagella C) ribosomes D) pili

B) flagella

50. During diffusion molecules A) move from hotter areas to cooler areas B) move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration C) move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration D) move from areas of higher energy to areas of lower energy

B) move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

48. Bacteria with flagella all over their surface are said to be A) monotrichous B) peritrichous C) amphitrichous D) lophotrichous

B) peritrichous

31. Which of the following cellular structures are found only in prokaryotic cells? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) pili C) nucleolus D) lysosomes

B) pili

32. Extrachromosomal DNA in prokaryotic cells can be found in the form of A) chromosomes B) plasmids C) mitochondria D) chloroplasts

B) plasmids

34. Cocci arranged in random clusters of cells represent which of the following arrangements A) streptococci B) staphylococci C) streptococci D) diplococci

B) staphylococci

42. Which bacterial genus normally lacks a cell wall? A) Mycobacterium B) Streptococcus C) Mycoplasma D) Bacillus

C) Mycoplasma

28. Which of the following is not a common bacterial shape? A) spirochete B) coccus C) disc D) bacillus

C) disc

35. The most important component of bacterial cell walls is A) teicoic acid B) lipotechoic acid C) peptidoglycan D) glutamic acid

C) peptidoglycan

44. Cell membranes are composed primarily of A) phospholipids and sugars B) teicoic acid and proteins C) phospholipids and proteins D) sugars and proteins

C) phospholipids and proteins

38. Mycolic acid would be found primarily in the cell wall of A) Gram positive bacteria B) Gram negative bacteria C) Gram variable bacteria D) Acid-fast bacteria

D) Acid-fast bacteria

26. Which of the following groups of organisms is not prokaryotic? A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Eubacteria D) Eukarya

D) Eukarya

52. When the fluid within a cell has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the fluid surrounding the cell, we say the fluid surrounding the cell is A) hypertonic B) isotonic C) osmotonic D) hypotonic

D) hypotonic

37. The periplasmic space A) is found only in Gram positive organisms B) is found between the nuclear area and the cell membrane C) is found primarily in acid fast bacteria D) is found between the cell membrane and cell wall

D) is found between the cell membrane and cell wall

41. Penicillin controls the growth of bacteria by A) destroying cell membranes B) preventing protein synthesis C) removing cell walls D) preventing peptidoglycan synthesis

D) preventing peptidoglycan synthesis

33. Which of the following cellular structures can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) peroxisomes D) ribosomes

D) ribosomes

29. A small comma shaped bacteria is described as being a ________. A) spirochete B) bacillus C) spirillum D) vibrio

D) vibrio

14. TRUE or FALSE? The following molecules may pass through a plasma membrane passively through diffusion: O2, CO2, H2O, testosterone, oil, fatty acids, ethanol, acetone, benzene and CH4.

TRUE

1.TRUE or FALSE?Virchow's contribution to the cell theory was to state that all cells come from other existing cells."omnis cellula e cellula"

TRUE

10. TRUE or FALSE? Cell wall types in order of lipid abundance from highest level to lowest are as follows: Acid-Fast, Gram-Negative, Gram-Positive.

TRUE

11. TRUE or FALSE? Peptidoglycan layers are found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls.

TRUE

18. TRUE or FALSE? Storage granules are useful for stockpiling high energy molecules such as hydroxybutyrate, buoyancy gases and sometimes unusual elements such as S, P, Ag and Au.

TRUE

2.TRUE or FALSE? Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, eukaryotes tend to divide by mitosis.

TRUE

22. TRUE or FALSE? Gram negative cells are more resistant to disinfection than Gram positive cells because of an additional outer membrane in the wall.

TRUE

23. TRUE or FALSE?` Sepsis by a Gram-negative can be life-threatening to a patient because of the formation of endotoxins from the cell wall leading to toxic shock.

TRUE

3.TRUE or FALSE? A chain of rods would be called a Streptobacillus

TRUE

4.TRUE or FALSE? A capsuleis a highly organized type of glycocalyx.

TRUE

5.TRUE or FALSE? Biofilms may be life-threatening to both patients who have cystic fibrosis and those that are catheterized.

TRUE

6.TRUE or FALSE? Flagella are made if proteins called flagellin.

TRUE

7.TRUE or FALSE? O antigens are found in Gram negative walls.

TRUE

8.TRUE or FALSE? Endoflagella are found in spirochaetes..

TRUE

12.FALSE? All cells have membranes, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA and cell walls.

false

13. FALSE? The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer and is semi-personable.

false

15. FALSE? Facilitated diffusion requires ATP and membrane protein carriers.

false

19. FALSE?` The life cycle of an endospore former occurs in the following order: vegetative cell germination sporulation endospore.

false

20.FALSE? An example of an endospore-former is Nocardia, while an example of an acid-fast organism is Bacillus.

false

21FALSE?` Endospores are dehydrated, dormant cells that have thick walls made of hydrocarbons and diphosphoric acid.

false

24. FALSE? Bacterial cells would burst in a hypertonic environment if it weren't for the presence of a cell wall.

false

25 FALSE?` Techoic acids and lipotechoic acids are found in Gram-positive cell walls.

false

9. FALSE? Structures responsible for pathogen attachment to host tissues include pili, fimbriae and capsules.

false