chapter 4 Prokaryotic cells
54. The cell wall controls the movement of small molecules into and out of the cell. B) False
False
55. Bacterial endospores are reproductive structures. B) False
False
16. TRUE or FALSE? Antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes will not usually target eukaryotic ribosomes.
TRUE
17. TRUE or FALSE? Not all bacteria have plasmids - those that do carry genes that are useful but not essential.
TRUE
40. The thinnest cell walls are found in ________ organisms. A) Gram negative B) Gram positive C) Gram variable D) acid-fast
A) Gram negative
49. Some bacteria can transfer DNA to another cell using A) conjugation pili B) fimbriae C) axial filaments D) lophotrichous flagella
A) conjugation pili
53. A bacterial cell has a salt concentration of about 1%. If the cell is placed in a solution containing 10% salt, the net flow of water will be A) out of the cell B) into the cell C) equally in and out of the cell D) none of the above since water doesn't cross bacterial cell membranes
A) out of the cell
30. Bacteria which show a wide variety of shapes within a single species are said to be A) pleomorphic B) axenic C) acellular D) monomorphic
A) pleomorphic
36. Removal of the cell wall of a Gram positive bacteria results in the formation of a A) protoplast B) spheroplast C) periplast D) polyplast
A) protoplast
51. Osmosis most directly involves A) water moving down a concentration gradient B) organic molecules crossing a membrane C) energy being expended to import large molecules into the cell D) sugars and salts moving down their concentration gradient
A) water moving down a concentration gradient
27. Which of the following would be a reasonable diameter for a bacterial cell? A) 0.1 micrometers B) 5.0 micrometers C) 10 micrometers D) 50 micrometers
B) 5.0 micrometers
45. Endospores are typically found in the genera A) Streptococcus B) Clostridium C) Mycobacterium D) Staphylococci
B) Clostridium
39. Peptidoglycan makes up more than 50% of a ________ cell wall. A) Gram negative B) Gram positive C) Gram variable D) acid-fast
B) Gram positive
43. The Fluid-mosaic model describes the structure of A) cell walls B) cell membranes C) capsules D) slime layers
B) cell membranes
46. Endospores are usually induced to form when A) temperatures rise B) certain nutrients are depleted C) radiation is detected D) water is lost from the cell
B) certain nutrients are depleted
47. Bacteria move by means of A) cilia B) flagella C) ribosomes D) pili
B) flagella
50. During diffusion molecules A) move from hotter areas to cooler areas B) move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration C) move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration D) move from areas of higher energy to areas of lower energy
B) move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
48. Bacteria with flagella all over their surface are said to be A) monotrichous B) peritrichous C) amphitrichous D) lophotrichous
B) peritrichous
31. Which of the following cellular structures are found only in prokaryotic cells? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) pili C) nucleolus D) lysosomes
B) pili
32. Extrachromosomal DNA in prokaryotic cells can be found in the form of A) chromosomes B) plasmids C) mitochondria D) chloroplasts
B) plasmids
34. Cocci arranged in random clusters of cells represent which of the following arrangements A) streptococci B) staphylococci C) streptococci D) diplococci
B) staphylococci
42. Which bacterial genus normally lacks a cell wall? A) Mycobacterium B) Streptococcus C) Mycoplasma D) Bacillus
C) Mycoplasma
28. Which of the following is not a common bacterial shape? A) spirochete B) coccus C) disc D) bacillus
C) disc
35. The most important component of bacterial cell walls is A) teicoic acid B) lipotechoic acid C) peptidoglycan D) glutamic acid
C) peptidoglycan
44. Cell membranes are composed primarily of A) phospholipids and sugars B) teicoic acid and proteins C) phospholipids and proteins D) sugars and proteins
C) phospholipids and proteins
38. Mycolic acid would be found primarily in the cell wall of A) Gram positive bacteria B) Gram negative bacteria C) Gram variable bacteria D) Acid-fast bacteria
D) Acid-fast bacteria
26. Which of the following groups of organisms is not prokaryotic? A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Eubacteria D) Eukarya
D) Eukarya
52. When the fluid within a cell has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the fluid surrounding the cell, we say the fluid surrounding the cell is A) hypertonic B) isotonic C) osmotonic D) hypotonic
D) hypotonic
37. The periplasmic space A) is found only in Gram positive organisms B) is found between the nuclear area and the cell membrane C) is found primarily in acid fast bacteria D) is found between the cell membrane and cell wall
D) is found between the cell membrane and cell wall
41. Penicillin controls the growth of bacteria by A) destroying cell membranes B) preventing protein synthesis C) removing cell walls D) preventing peptidoglycan synthesis
D) preventing peptidoglycan synthesis
33. Which of the following cellular structures can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) peroxisomes D) ribosomes
D) ribosomes
29. A small comma shaped bacteria is described as being a ________. A) spirochete B) bacillus C) spirillum D) vibrio
D) vibrio
14. TRUE or FALSE? The following molecules may pass through a plasma membrane passively through diffusion: O2, CO2, H2O, testosterone, oil, fatty acids, ethanol, acetone, benzene and CH4.
TRUE
1.TRUE or FALSE?Virchow's contribution to the cell theory was to state that all cells come from other existing cells."omnis cellula e cellula"
TRUE
10. TRUE or FALSE? Cell wall types in order of lipid abundance from highest level to lowest are as follows: Acid-Fast, Gram-Negative, Gram-Positive.
TRUE
11. TRUE or FALSE? Peptidoglycan layers are found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls.
TRUE
18. TRUE or FALSE? Storage granules are useful for stockpiling high energy molecules such as hydroxybutyrate, buoyancy gases and sometimes unusual elements such as S, P, Ag and Au.
TRUE
2.TRUE or FALSE? Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, eukaryotes tend to divide by mitosis.
TRUE
22. TRUE or FALSE? Gram negative cells are more resistant to disinfection than Gram positive cells because of an additional outer membrane in the wall.
TRUE
23. TRUE or FALSE?` Sepsis by a Gram-negative can be life-threatening to a patient because of the formation of endotoxins from the cell wall leading to toxic shock.
TRUE
3.TRUE or FALSE? A chain of rods would be called a Streptobacillus
TRUE
4.TRUE or FALSE? A capsuleis a highly organized type of glycocalyx.
TRUE
5.TRUE or FALSE? Biofilms may be life-threatening to both patients who have cystic fibrosis and those that are catheterized.
TRUE
6.TRUE or FALSE? Flagella are made if proteins called flagellin.
TRUE
7.TRUE or FALSE? O antigens are found in Gram negative walls.
TRUE
8.TRUE or FALSE? Endoflagella are found in spirochaetes..
TRUE
12.FALSE? All cells have membranes, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA and cell walls.
false
13. FALSE? The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer and is semi-personable.
false
15. FALSE? Facilitated diffusion requires ATP and membrane protein carriers.
false
19. FALSE?` The life cycle of an endospore former occurs in the following order: vegetative cell germination sporulation endospore.
false
20.FALSE? An example of an endospore-former is Nocardia, while an example of an acid-fast organism is Bacillus.
false
21FALSE?` Endospores are dehydrated, dormant cells that have thick walls made of hydrocarbons and diphosphoric acid.
false
24. FALSE? Bacterial cells would burst in a hypertonic environment if it weren't for the presence of a cell wall.
false
25 FALSE?` Techoic acids and lipotechoic acids are found in Gram-positive cell walls.
false
9. FALSE? Structures responsible for pathogen attachment to host tissues include pili, fimbriae and capsules.
false