Chapter 4 quiz

The relationship between child care and socioeconomic status is illustrated by which of the following statements? High-quality child care is available only to those children whose parents are wealthy. , не выбрано Children staying in day care for longer than 40 hours/week tend to experience depression regardless of the quality of care. , не выбрано Правильный ответ: Children are more likely to experience poor-quality child care if their parents have few resources. There is not enough research on child care and socioeconomic status to be able to make any correlations.

Children are more likely to experience poor-quality child care if their parents have few resources

Jeremy is a securely attached infant, while Jason is an insecure infant. Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is true? Jeremy is likely to have more learning difficulties in elementary school than Jason. Jeremy is likely to be more shy and withdrawn than Jason. Jeremy is likely to have more self-confidence than Jason. There will be no differences in their social functioning by age 8.

Jeremy is likely to have more self-confidence than Jason.

Kagan proposed that children inherit a physiology that predisposes them to have a particular______, and through experience they may learn to modify it.

Temperament

______ refers to individual differences in how quickly emotion is shown, how strong it is, how long it lasts, and how quickly it fades away.

Temperament

During with stage of psychosocial development does independence become a central theme? initiative versus guilt autonomy versus shame and doubt industry versus inferiority

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in

behavioral organization

The longitudinal study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 concluded that the home environment is the most important predictor of attachment to caregivers. , не выбрано Правильный ответ: children who were given high-quality child care performed better on cognitive and language tasks. a majority of the child care in the first three years of life was of very high quality. , не выбрано a child in child care, regardless of the quality, will be more socially incompetent.

children who were given high-quality child care performed better on cognitive and language tasks.

Which of the following is an important role played by emotions during infancy?

communication

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance. He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver. He would be classified as being

disorganized

Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as

emotions

When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up, though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:

insecure resistant

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being

insecure-avoidant

According to Bowlby, the______ plays an important role in showing the links between attachment and subsequent understanding, conscious development, and self-concept.

internal working model

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to choose between his or her mother and father in an unfamiliar situation. move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her caregiver and a stranger. crawl through a dark tunnel with his or her caregiver, with a stranger waiting on the other side. experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present.

move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her caregiver and a stranger.

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend who has come over for a play date teases her about wearing nighttime diapers. This is an example of _____ emotions.

other-conscious

When 1-month-old Mai is sleeping, it often looks like she is smiling. This is an example of a _____ smile.

reflexive

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being

securely attached.

Most _____ emotions don't occur until after the first year, according to most developmental psychologists.

self-conscious

A rudimentary form of______, being attentive and positive toward one's image in a mirror, appears as early as 3 months.

self-recognition

Cindy has worked from home as a freelancer ever since she had a baby. Now that her baby, Hailey, is 15 months old, Cindy has accepted a full-time job offer. Every day when Cindy drops Hailey off at the day care, Hailey screams and cries for a couple of minutes. Which of the following terms best describes Hailey's behavior?

separation protest

Quimby, a 15-month-old child, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in

social referencing

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. What do researchers call this smile?

social smile

The results of the study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that extensive use of daycare hurts parent-child relationships. the influence of families and parenting is not weakened by extensive use of daycare. child-care quality was linked to attachment security at 36 months of age.

the influence of families and parenting is not weakened by extensive use of daycare.

In which of the following situations will 9-month-old Lucy show the most stranger anxiety? when she meets a stranger in her home when she meets her caregiver after spending the entire day at the child-care facility when she meets another 9-month-old baby at her usual child-care facility when she meets a stranger in an unfamiliar place

when she meets a stranger in an unfamiliar place