Chapter 4 review
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
bone
Osseous tissue is also called
bone
Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?
hyaline cartilage
Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called
lymph
epithelia and connective tissues combine to form _____ that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.
tissue membranes
Which statement about tissues is correct? A) Tissues are always in the form of sheets of cells. B) All the organs of an organ system are composed of a single tissue type. C) A tissue is composed of a single type of cell. D) An organ combines several different tissues. E) Tissues are microscopic, and invisible to the naked eye.
An organ combines several different tissues.
White fat
Most common Stores fat Absorbs shocks Slows heat loss (insulation)
Brown fat
Found in babies and young children More vascularized Adipocytes have many mitochondria Breakdown of lipids releases energy and warms body
Cells that store fat are called
adipocytes
Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except A) tendons. B) ligaments. C) aponeuroses. D) areolar tissue. E) elastic tissue.
areolar tissue
Where is the tissue level of organization
between cells and organs
Most of the nervous tissue of the body is in the
brain and spinal cord
Which blood vessels have porous walls that allow water and small solutes to seep through?
capillaries
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.
cardiac muscle
The majority of cancers are caused by
chemical exposure or other environmental factors
During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury? A) increase in basophils B) increase in histamine C) increase in blood flow D) cold, pale skin E) swelling
cold, pale skin
The dominant type of extracellular protein fiber in dense connective tissue is
collagen
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
collagen, reticular, and elastic
Blood is which type of tissue?
connective
The three categories of connective tissues are
connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
Which kind of connective tissue has collagen fibers aligned parallel to each other?
dense regular connective tissue
The auricle, or outer ear, contains
elastic cartilage
Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands.
endocrine
The tissue that always has an apical (top) and a basal (bottom) surface is ________ tissue.
epithelial
The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes
exfoliative cytology
Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen? A) adipocytes B) fibroblasts C) macrophages D) mast cells E) lymphocytes
fibroblasts
The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called
fibrosis
The viscous component of connective tissue matrix is called
ground substance
The study of tissues is called
histology
The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat
is highly vascular
Which tissue is correctly paired with its category of connective tissue? A) bone—connective tissue proper B) fat—supporting connective tissue C) lymph—fluid connective tissue D) cartilage—fluid connective tissue E) tendon—supporting connective tissue
lymph- fluid connective tissue
Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
macrophages
As a person ages, exercise contributes to
maintaining bone strength
The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as
matrix
Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are
mesenchymal cells
Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? A) mucous B) serous C) cutaneous D) synovial E) pleural
mucous
Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.
muscle
Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.
neural
The function of ________ is to propagate electrical signals from one place to another.
neurons
Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories? A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue
osseous tissue
tendons and ligaments attach to the ______ of bone
periosteum
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
peritoneum
The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are
simple and stratified
Tissue changes with age include all of the following except A) less efficient tissue maintenance. B) proliferation of epidermal cells. C) thinner epithelia. D) more fragile connective tissues. E) decreased ability to repair tissue damage.
proliferation of epidermal cells
Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except A) providing strong connections between muscles and bones. B) supporting epithelia. C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves. D) cushioning and stabilizing. E) filling spaces between organs.
providing strong connections between muscles and bones
Gland cells produce
secretions
Which of the following membranes covers the surface of visceral organs? A) synovial B) plasma C) serous D) cutaneous E) mucous
serous
The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of
serous membranes
The term transudate describes fluid associated with
serous membranes
The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.
smooth
Which kind of muscle is best able to regenerate after an injury?
smooth muscle
Cells that are flat and thin are classified as
squamous
Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance, with a wide variety of cell types. This tissue would most likely have come from the
superficial fascia between skin and muscle
All of the following are true of neurons except that A) they cannot divide. B) they conduct a nervous impulse. C) they are composed of a cell body and axon. D) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue. E) they receive information from other neurons through their dendrites.
they are a very specialized form of connective tissue
You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the
trachea
Unlike cartilage, bone
undergoes remodeling throughout life
Where you can find white fat and brown fat?
white fat: adults; brown fat: infants