Chapter 4 review

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

bone

Osseous tissue is also called

bone

Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?

hyaline cartilage

Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called

lymph

epithelia and connective tissues combine to form _____ that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.

tissue membranes

Which statement about tissues is correct? A) Tissues are always in the form of sheets of cells. B) All the organs of an organ system are composed of a single tissue type. C) A tissue is composed of a single type of cell. D) An organ combines several different tissues. E) Tissues are microscopic, and invisible to the naked eye.

An organ combines several different tissues.

White fat

Most common Stores fat Absorbs shocks Slows heat loss (insulation)

Brown fat

Found in babies and young children More vascularized Adipocytes have many mitochondria Breakdown of lipids releases energy and warms body

Cells that store fat are called

adipocytes

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except A) tendons. B) ligaments. C) aponeuroses. D) areolar tissue. E) elastic tissue.

areolar tissue

Where is the tissue level of organization

between cells and organs

Most of the nervous tissue of the body is in the

brain and spinal cord

Which blood vessels have porous walls that allow water and small solutes to seep through?

capillaries

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.

cardiac muscle

The majority of cancers are caused by

chemical exposure or other environmental factors

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury? A) increase in basophils B) increase in histamine C) increase in blood flow D) cold, pale skin E) swelling

cold, pale skin

The dominant type of extracellular protein fiber in dense connective tissue is

collagen

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

collagen, reticular, and elastic

Blood is which type of tissue?

connective

The three categories of connective tissues are

connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.

Which kind of connective tissue has collagen fibers aligned parallel to each other?

dense regular connective tissue

The auricle, or outer ear, contains

elastic cartilage

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands.

endocrine

The tissue that always has an apical (top) and a basal (bottom) surface is ________ tissue.

epithelial

The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes

exfoliative cytology

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen? A) adipocytes B) fibroblasts C) macrophages D) mast cells E) lymphocytes

fibroblasts

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called

fibrosis

The viscous component of connective tissue matrix is called

ground substance

The study of tissues is called

histology

The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat

is highly vascular

Which tissue is correctly paired with its category of connective tissue? A) bone—connective tissue proper B) fat—supporting connective tissue C) lymph—fluid connective tissue D) cartilage—fluid connective tissue E) tendon—supporting connective tissue

lymph- fluid connective tissue

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

macrophages

As a person ages, exercise contributes to

maintaining bone strength

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as

matrix

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are

mesenchymal cells

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? A) mucous B) serous C) cutaneous D) synovial E) pleural

mucous

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

muscle

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.

neural

The function of ________ is to propagate electrical signals from one place to another.

neurons

Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories? A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue

osseous tissue

tendons and ligaments attach to the ______ of bone

periosteum

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

peritoneum

The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are

simple and stratified

Tissue changes with age include all of the following except A) less efficient tissue maintenance. B) proliferation of epidermal cells. C) thinner epithelia. D) more fragile connective tissues. E) decreased ability to repair tissue damage.

proliferation of epidermal cells

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except A) providing strong connections between muscles and bones. B) supporting epithelia. C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves. D) cushioning and stabilizing. E) filling spaces between organs.

providing strong connections between muscles and bones

Gland cells produce

secretions

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of visceral organs? A) synovial B) plasma C) serous D) cutaneous E) mucous

serous

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of

serous membranes

The term transudate describes fluid associated with

serous membranes

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.

smooth

Which kind of muscle is best able to regenerate after an injury?

smooth muscle

Cells that are flat and thin are classified as

squamous

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance, with a wide variety of cell types. This tissue would most likely have come from the

superficial fascia between skin and muscle

All of the following are true of neurons except that A) they cannot divide. B) they conduct a nervous impulse. C) they are composed of a cell body and axon. D) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue. E) they receive information from other neurons through their dendrites.

they are a very specialized form of connective tissue

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

trachea

Unlike cartilage, bone

undergoes remodeling throughout life

Where you can find white fat and brown fat?

white fat: adults; brown fat: infants