IT Fundamentals
Given the equation "4 __ 5" during a logical test, which of the following operators would result in a TRUE condition?
"!="
Given the equation "3821 __ 6598" during a logical test, which of the following operators would result in a TRUE condition?
"<"
Given the equation "-39810 __ -39810" during a logical test, which of the following operators would result in a TRUE condition?
"=="
Given the equation "-329 __ -2034" during a logical test, which of the following operators would result in a TRUE condition?
">="
Which answer choice is a method of representing a quote character within a string using an escape character?
"John said \'Hello World\' then left again."
What type of file extension should be opened with caution, as it initiates instructions for the computer to carry out?
.exe
Convert the decimal number 10 into binary notation.
1010
How many students would be represented in a "Student" table containing 150 rows, 17 columns, 1 primary key, and 1 foreign key?
150
Which of the following is NOT a valid IP address?
192.168.1.256
What is the decimal number 75 in hexadecimal notation?
4B. 75 divided by 16 is 4 remainder of 11, which is represented as "B" in hexadecimal
Which 802.11 wireless standard has the greatest rate of data throughput?
802.11ac
Which wireless standard would give newer devices the maximum possible transfer rate?
802.11ac
Which wireless standard provides a 54 Mbps maximum transfer rate?
802.11g
Which of the following HTML5 source code is correct?
<html> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> <p>Say hello back to <a href="mailto:[email protected]">CompTIA</a>!</p> </body> </html>
Which of the following HTML code snippets includes properly nested tags?
<p><em>Hello World!</em></p>
What type of Central Processing Chip (CPU) would a modern high-end server use?
A 64-bit EM64T chip
What type of system would use a Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) connection?
A Cable Access TV provider that also has Internet service
Which of these is NOT part of a motherboard?
A Solid State Drive (SSD)
Which of these is NOT considered an aspect of a Type 1 hypervisor?
A Type 1 hypervisor runs as a software application "within" a host's operating system.
Which type of laptop would NOT use a 64-bit Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
A budget laptop designed for a low price tag.
How do computers differentiate binary data and map it to letters, numbers, and symbols?
A character set maps letters, numbers, and symbols to binary values.
A field in a relational table corresponds to which part of a spreadsheet?
A column
What is the significance of a column in a relational table?
A column contains data that describes one attribute of the record.
While writing a program, you notice that you use a value multiple times throughout your program but it doesn't change. You decide to create an identifier and assign the unchanging value to that identifier. What did you just create?
A constant
You have created an identifier with a value that cannot be changed. What is this considered?
A constant
What would you use a Near Field Communication connection for?
A contactless payment reader
Why is the process of generating backups such an important feature of an RDBMS?
A database can contain mission-critical data, which an organization may not be able to afford to lose.
Why is the level of data integrity greater in a database than in a flat file?
A database can enforce data types for each column in a table, and can validate data as it is entered into those columns.
Why might a database dump be a good option for backup/restore?
A database dump includes both the database data and the structure, so it could be restored whether the offending error was in the data or in the structure.
What is a database?
A database is a collection of related data organized in a structured manner for easier access.
What is the difference between a smartphone and a feature phone?
A feature phone is an older device with limited software functionality.
What protects a network by denying specific types of incoming traffic?
A firewall appliance
Why would a flat file system not be the optimum choice for data storage for an online shopping cart application?
A flat file system doesn't support multiple concurrent users.
What type of device would you connect using a Digital Visual Interface (DVI) port?
A form of flat-panel display equipment
What is the key difference, in programming terms, between a procedure and a function?
A function can return a value to whatever called it.
How does attenuation affect wireless networking?
A loss of signal strength reduces the data transfer rate.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a workstation operating system?
A mobile device operating system like Apple iOS
What hardware device is used to obtain Internet access when the service provider delivers a coaxial cable?
A modem
What is the difference between a one-time purchase license and a subscription?
A one-time purchase license requires fees for subsequent upgrades, whereas a subscription provides upgrades at no additional cost.
How do you know if a certificate is valid on your browser?
A padlock icon is shown.
What feature does a laptop have that a tablet does not?
A physical QWERTY keyboard
What should you expect to happen when double-clicking a .msi file?
A program will begin installing.
Why is a query an important tool in database processing?
A query allows a user to extract only the data needed from a database by selecting specific rows and columns from a table.
Why do a report and a query work well together?
A query can be used to extract only the data needed to answer a question, while a report can format and summarize the data making it easier to read and interpret.
What is the relationship between queries and reports?
A query selects and retrieves the correct data, whereas a report formats and summarizes the output.
An attorney uses a standard form to capture information about new clients. Which type of database would best suit those needs?
A relational database
What is the standard resolution of the Video Graphics Array (VGA)?
A resolution of 640x480 with 4-bit color
What device is capable of performing packet switching?
A router
How is a script different than a program?
A script is generally smaller and targeted at completing a specific task.
What is a captive portal?
A secure login page presented to a client after connecting to an open access point
What is a data exfiltration?
A security breach that occurs when an individual's or organization's data is illegally copied with or without their knowledge
What is a program BEST described as?
A sequence of instructions for your computer to perform
What is a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and how is it used?
A series of alphanumeric characters used to identify a WAP and all the devices attached to it
How much storage space is consumed by the Boolean data type?
A single bit
How much storage space is consumed by the character data type?
A single byte
How is binary notation expressed?
A single digit in a range from 0 to 1 is used. This number represents an on or off state. Each column is worth two times the column to its right. This is also known as base 2.
What is an example of an Internet of Things (IoT) device?
A smart light bulb
Into which device would you plug an RJ-11 connector?
A standard telephone
Which type of device connects computers together in an Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN)?
A switch
Which statement is NOT true regarding the relationship between a table and a column?
A table always has the same number of columns as it has rows.
How is a relational table structured?
A table is made up of rows and columns, where all of the rows include the same columns.
What is used in lieu of a copyright to protect a name or logo?
A trademark
What is used to protect a name or logo?
A trademark protects a unique element such as a company name or logo.
During program execution, a value changes and returns a new value to be used. Which type of identifier is this?
A variable
Which is NOT a characteristic of a variable?
A variable is a fixed value that does not change.
What is an example of a digital product?
A video download
A web application is client/server software that uses a web server as its server and what type of software as its client?
A web browser
You have recently upgraded from a USB mouse to a wireless mouse. Once you remove the old mouse, what do you need to install to connect the wireless mouse to the computer?
A wireless adapter
How can you confirm that you have properly configured a Small Office Home Office (SOHO) wireless router?
A wireless client can connect to the router.
What type of Network Interface Card (NIC) uses the 802.11b protocol?
A wireless network (Wi-Fi) card
What type of device would use Radio Frequency (RF)?
A wireless router
You've been tasked with changing the primary key in the Customer table from the CustID field to the AcctNum field. Which Data Definition Language (DDL) command can do that?
ALTER TABLE
What are the two common ways of presenting character set data?
ASCII and Unicode are the most common character sets used to present data.
What does Remote Desktop software allow you to do?
Access and control a different computer via the Internet
What business software supports financial and commercial functions, such as order processing and payroll?
Accounting software
What type of cooling system would be best in a high-performance overclocked computer system?
Active liquid cooling
What should you do when you suspect that there are multiple issues to troubleshoot?
Address each issue individually.
After a computer starts up, when does the firmware or BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) run?
After the computer completes initial checking for hardware errors
What would the query select * from Customers where state = 'MN' return as an answer from a "Customer" table?
All of the fields from the answer table, but only for those rows where the state code is MN
What happened next?
All of the records from the "Customer" table were deleted.
What is an advantage of having an application delivery method in which the application and files are saved locally?
All of your data can be contained within your organization's firewall.
What systems use a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory?
All types of computers
What is the most common character set used for coding to represent text in computers?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
What type of central processor would you find in a mobile phone?
An Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What type of device uses the iOS operating system?
An Apple mobile device
What type of central processor would you find in a tablet?
An Atom brand Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What does a file management system use to control permissions for who is allowed to read, write, or control an object?
An access control list (ACL)
Which statement about an embedded operating system is true?
An embedded system is a computer system or appliance designed for a very specific function.
When a file is hosted on a network that can be accessed by users signing in, where is it located?
An online workspace
What is a hotfix?
An update that is typically issued on an emergency basis to address a specific security vulnerability
Which of the following is an open source mobile operating system?
Android
What type of utility software is intended to keep users safe from malicious code, such as viruses or Trojans?
Anti-malware
Who created Mini DisplayPort?
Apple
What computer systems use the extended Hierarchical File System (HFS)?
Apple Mac workstations and laptops
For which reason would you use a Bluetooth Class 1 device with a range of 100m?
As an industrial application
What is the most important question to ask a user when trying to determine what a problem is, and why?
Ask "What has changed?" because the thing that has changed is usually responsible for the problem.
Which of these is NOT an example of security controls?
Audits and inventories
How much storage space is consumed by the integer data type?
Between 1 and 8 bytes
How much storage space is consumed by the floating point number data type?
Between 4 and 8 bytes
When data is transferred between components in the computer or between computers over a network, the throughput rate is measured in what unit?
Bits per second (bps)
What type of connection would you use to connect short-range wireless devices such as a keyboard or a mouse to a computer?
Bluetooth
Which is NOT a likely cause of Wi-Fi signal interference?
Bluetooth devices
Which of the following data types can NOT store the number 3?
Boolean
What special numeric data type indicates that something is either TRUE or FALSE?
Boolean values
In a database application, what is the difference between a form and a report?
Both display data, but a form can be used to update the contents of the database as well.
Which statement about Firewire or USB is true?
Both ends of a Firewire cable are the same.
What would you use to instruct your computer to execute a different sequence of instructions?
Branching
Where do you go to configure a pop-up blocker?
Browser settings
What type of software do you need to use if your business functions cannot be performed by "off-the-shelf" software?
Business-specific software
Adding a new relational database, table, or index is a function of which Data Definition Language (DDL) command?
CREATE
Which is the correct sequence in the process of database creation?
CREATE DATABASE CREATE TABLE INSERT INTO
Which of the following is NOT a compiled programming language?
CSS
What type of network technology would use DOCSIS?
Cable Access TV (CATV)
What activities must one perform to make data-driven business decisions?
Capture data, correlate the data, and convert it into meaningful reports
Which is the most important processor on a motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What step should be performed as early as possible when configuring a wireless access point?
Changing the default password
You press the power button on a computer, but it does not start. What is the first thing that you should do when diagnosing this problem?
Check physical connections and power sources.
What operating system is considered to be stateless?
Chrome OS
When using public workstations, what action should you always take before leaving a machine?
Clear the browser cache before shutting down or logging off.
What type of application delivery method requires the least amount of infrastructure from the client?
Cloud-hosted
Collectively speaking, screen sharing, video conferencing, instant messaging, and email are examples of what type of software?
Collaboration software
What type of flat file contains plain text with delimiters to set apart the columns?
Comma Separated Values (CSV)
Which object is NOT utilized by Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?
Commands
How does pseudocode present comments to maintain revisions?
Comments are preceded by a special character syntax depending on the language being used.
What critical point must be considered when building a "smart" or "digita"" home automation solution?
Compatibility between the networking or communication standards supported by the hub and the appliances
Why is it important to compile code before executing it?
Compiling converts the source code that you wrote to machine code for the CPU to process.
If you need to deliver several files to someone via email, what type of software would you use to bundle them into a single package for easy transmission?
Compression
What type of software allows you to reduce the size of files for the sake of transferring them from one location to another?
Compression
What is a symptom of a computer's power supply beginning to fail?
Computer reboots randomly, usually on startup.
What type of license allows only a set number of users to access it at any one time?
Concurrent
How can you ensure that an operating system is always kept up to date on all Windows client devices in your network?
Configure Automatic Updates to download and install as soon as they are available
How should you approach troubleshooting when there are multiple levels of work?
Consider multiple approaches, prioritize each level, and divide and conquer. You are advising a colleague about best practices when troubleshooting. You have suggested the following actions to help identify the problem: Gather information, duplicate the problem, question users, identify symptoms, and approach multiple problems individually.
What should you do before you put a plan into action?
Consider the possible outcomes of the fix action.
In the Windows operating system, where do you navigate to when you want to install new operating system features?
Control Panel
Which brand of Central Processing Unit (CPU) would be found in a laptop?
Core Duo
How can you implement access control/protection on your computer?
Create ordinary user accounts for day-to-day access to the computer.
You are designing a "Customer" table in a relational database. Which of the following fields would be the best candidate for a primary key?
CustomerNumber
What is the difference between the DELETE and DROP commands in SQL?
DELETE deletes rows from a table, whereas DROP eliminates the entire table.
You need to back up just over 9 GB of data from your hard drive to an optical disc so you can store it offsite. You want to use just one disc to keep costs down, and you want to leave as little unused space on the disc as possible. What type of optical media should you use?
DVD-10 (Digital Video Disc)
Which of the following statements about the protection of data is true?
Data can be considered an asset and as such it has commercial value.
Which of the following statements best describes data persistence?
Data in memory is lost once the processing is completed. Data in a database is stored persistently and securely so that it can be used again in the future.
How does a user receive information from a computer?
Data is shown or displayed to the user through an output device.
Which is the best example of importing data to populate a database?
Data records that are already stored in a digital format can be loaded directly into a database.
Why do computers save or write data to a storage device?
Data running on system memory is only preserved while the computer is powered up.
What type of software is Microsoft SQL?
Database application
What is the term used for the file that includes a copy of the database along with the schema?
Database dump
When processing large numbers of transactions, how does processing speed compare between databases and flat file systems?
Database processing speeds are much faster than flat file speeds.
What type of business software would you use to store a large amount of information, such as timetables, customer details, and patient records?
Database software
What should you NOT do when configuring and managing a web browser, as it tends to break most websites?
Deactivate client-side scripting
What type of notation is used in common math?
Decimal notation
What are the steps in the process of creating a database?
Determine how the database will be used by clients, where it will be hosted, and what information it will store.
If you are following the troubleshooting model, what other piece of advice should you give?
Determine if anything has changed.
Once a theory is confirmed, meaning that you have found the root cause of a problem, what should you do next?
Determine the next steps to resolve the problem.
Where do you manage drivers on a computer?
Device Manager
What invention was created to try to enforce copyright protection on digital products?
Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems
What type of device uses Digital Light Processing (DLP)?
Digital projector
Which of these is NOT a positive trait of a digital product in regard to the value assigned to information and data?
Digital sales through peer-to-peer transactions make it easier to sell information without the oversight of an institutional set of rules.
If you purchase and install a third-party graphics card into your workstation, what should you do to ensure its proper operation?
Disable the onboard graphics card.
You need to partition a disk into two separate drives. Where would you go to do this?
Disk Management
After connecting a new monitor to your computer, you get a message saying the monitor is not set at the optimal resolution. Which Windows applet would you use to change the resolution?
Display
What is a benefit of an Internet of Things-enabled (IoT-enabled) medical device?
Doctors and nurses can monitor a patient and potentially adjust dosage levels remotely.
After resolving a problem for a user, what can you do to help avoid similar problems in the future?
Document lessons learned and implement preventive measures.
What is the last step of the troubleshooting process?
Document your findings, actions, and outcomes in a knowledge base.
Which of the following is NOT a comment line special delimiter?
Dollar ($)
Which of these is a hard drive interface standard?
EIDE
How is decimal notation expressed?
Each single digit is assigned one of ten values ranging from 0-9 whereby each column is ten times more than the digit to its right. This is also known as base 10.
What type of software helps you compose and send messages over the network?
Email client software
During the troubleshooting process, what should you do if implement a solution but find that it didn't solve the problem as anticipated?
Establish a new theory or escalate.
You need to move the pictures from your digital camera to your computer. Which type of connection would NOT allow you to do this?
Ethernet
What advantage does the File Allocation Table 32 (FAT32) have over the New Technology File System (NTFS)?
FAT32 provides the best compatibility between different types of computers and devices.
Which protocol is designed to upload and download files between clients and servers?
FTP
What type of fiber optic networking solution is widely deployed in urban areas?
Fiber Optic to the Curb (FTTC)
What limitations should you consider when comparing different file systems?
File systems are limited in terms of their maximum capacity and the size of individual files.
How do you fully remove a browser add-on or extension?
Find the location in which it was installed and remove it manually.
What type of software allows you to protect a network by denying specific types of incoming traffic?
Firewall
What is the purpose of firmware in an embedded system?
Firmware provides all the functions for interacting with the device hardware.
Which format does NOT use a laser to read the data?
Flash
What fundamental data type is used to support decimal fractions such as 4.1, 26.4, and 5.62?
Floating point numbers or just "float"
Your team is developing a program and would like to create a visual representation of how it works. Which type would be most helpful?
Flowchart
Which type of constraint is added to a table for the purpose of establishing a relationship with another table?
Foreign key
How many Ethernet LAN ports are typically found on a Small Office Home Office (SOHO) network switch?
Four to eight
What is the advantage of using a Graphic User Interface (GUI) over the Command Line Interface (CLI)?
GUIs make it easier for non-technical staff and home users to run and operate computers.
The latest PC bus standards and networks can support what higher level of throughput speed?
Gbps, or 1,000,000,000 bits per second
Modern Central Processing Units (CPUs) and bus types plus fiber optic network equipment work at what signal speed?
Gigahertz (GHz) or 1000 million cycles per second
When you start a troubleshooting discussion with a user, what should you have them do?
Give you the status of the computer, including any error messages or unusual conditions.
You are removing an old device from your computer and want to ensure all of the old drivers are gone. Where in Windows would you go to delete the drivers?
Go to the Device Manager folder, right-click the device, and select "Uninstall Device."
How do you enable or disable add-ons?
Go to the settings of the web browser itself.
When using Windows, how can you best protect yourself against malicious scripts when browsing?
Go to your User Account Control (UAC) and set up an alert in your notifications.
What type of license allows a company to install software on an agreed-upon number of computers so all employees can use the software at the same time?
Group use/site
Which HDMI connector is also known as the Mini HDMI?
HDMI Type C
Where would you place data for long-term storage?
Hard disk drive
What three elements are required for a computer to perform useful tasks?
Hardware, monitor, computer user
Which notation system presents the largest numbers using the fewest digits?
Hexadecimal
Which networking feature did Microsoft recently discontinue in updated Windows 1803?
Homegroups
Which of the following is NOT important to consider when choosing a programming language?
How large the source code file size will be after compiling the program
Which of the following is NOT an interpreted language?
Hypertext Markup Language
What is the first step in the CompTIA troubleshooting model?
Identify the problem by gathering information.
Which of the following BEST defines the AND condition?
If both conditions are TRUE, then the whole statement is TRUE.
What is the advantage of a local network-hosted application, in terms of data storage?
If data is stored on the server rather than the local workstation, it is easier to apply access controls and to back it up.
Which of the following BEST defines the XOR condition?
If either condition is TRUE, but not both, then the whole statement is TRUE.
Which of the following BEST defines the OR condition?
If either condition is TRUE, then the whole statement is TRUE.
Tiers
If the application front-end and processing logic and database engine are all hosted on the same computer, the application architecture can be described as one-tier or standalone.
What is the disadvantage of a "locally installed but network required" delivery method?
If you lose network connectivity, you may lose some capabilities.
How is a key/value pair database different from a relational database?
In a relational database, all attributes of a record are defined up front, and each record has all of the same attributes as the other records. In a key/value pair database, objects and their properties are stored, but each object doesn't have to have all of the properties.
How is machine code, the language that all computers speak, presented?
In binary format as 1s and 0s
Queries often retrieve data from multiple tables. If the same column name is used in two tables, how does SQL know which column to use?
In the SELECT statement, the column name is prefixed by the table name.
If a computer is running a stateless operating system, where would the user's documents be stored?
In the cloud
For what reason would you need to download a codec pack?
Inability to view a video file of a certain format
How is computer data defined?
Information shared in an IT system using nothing more complicated than the binary digits 1 and 0
After installing an application, you experience difficulty getting it to run. What should you do?
Inspect the properties of the executable file.
Which of the following is NOT a best practice when installing software from a remote location?
Install the program on the root of the C Drive.
Using a bare metal backup allows you to skip which step of restoration?
Installing an Operating System (OS)
How is intellectual property protected?
Intellectual property can be protected through trademarks, copyrights, and patents.
What protocol is used to retrieve email from a server and supports multiple clients connecting to the same mailbox simultaneously?
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Why is meaningful reporting an important factor of data-driven business decisions?
It allows a human to analyze and interpret the information.
In a relational database table, what is the significance of creating a field with a varchar data type?
It allows a variable number of characters to be stored for a particular column in each row.
Which of the following is a limitation of a 32-bit processor in a workstation?
It cannot use more than 4 GB of system memory.
All of the records from the "Customer" table were deleted.
It comprises the group of SQL commands that can add to or modify the structure of a database.
What purpose does branching in programming serve?
It controls flow within a program based on specific conditions.
Which is the best way to issue SQL commands to manipulate data in a relational database?
It depends on the user's level of SQL experience, overall purpose, and access permissions.
What is the purpose of a schema?
It describes the structure of a database.
If there are errors during the Power-On Self-Test (POST), how does the computer tell you what the problem is?
It emits a sequence of beeps that act as a code for the type of problem.
Which statement BEST describes the overall purpose of Windows PowerShell?
It enables you to perform management and administrative tasks in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 (and some earlier versions).
What is the basic function of a router?
It forwards TCP/IP packets between dissimilar networks.
Why is it important to write comments when coding a program?
It helps the developer read and maintain the code.
What is a file with a .zip extension?
It is a compressed collection of one or more files.
Which statement is NOT true regarding the SQL INSERT statement?
It is a data definition language statement.
What is a copyright used for?
It is a legal protection granted to certain types of work that gives its holder the right to control the use of the work, including rights of publication, distribution, or sale.
Which of the following best defines a container?
It is a special type of identifier that can reference multiple values or elements.
What is the main purpose of the Thunderbolt interface?
It is used as a display interface and general peripheral interface.
What is the purpose of the SQL INSERT command?
It is used to add a new row to a table in a database.
Which statement BEST defines a virtual machine?
It is used to operate multiple operating systems and virtual computers on existing hardware.
How is pseudocode used in programming?
It is used to write informal programming code that is readable by humans.
Which is NOT a key function of a Small Office Home Office (SOHO) wireless router?
It provides access to 3G and 4G networks.
What service does the Windows BitLocker feature provide?
It provides full disk-encryption protection for the operating system.
How does assembly language work?
It represents machine code in human-readable text.
What function does the Central Processing Unit (CPU) perform in a computer?
It retrieves each instruction or data file from memory and performs an action on it.
What is a best practice for the Service Set Identifier (SSID) of a wireless router?
It should be changed to a more unique name or have its broadcast disabled.
What is the purpose of Random Access Memory (RAM)?
It stores programs and data when the computer is running.
What is the primary purpose of a flow chart?
It visualizes the graphical sequence of a program.
What is the key difference between Java and JavaScript?
Java is a programming language, whereas JavaScript is a scripting language.
What language does VBScript share similarities with?
JavaScript
Which of the following is not considered platform dependent?
JavaScript
Which option does NOT describe benefit of journaling in Linux?
Journaling will flush the cache at certain points in the journal.
Older computer peripheral interfaces and slow network links are measured in what type of throughput unit?
Kbps, or 1000 bits per second
Small files are often measured in what unit?
Kilobyte (KB), or 1000 bytes
Which term describes a group of computers and devices that share resources without a router within a small geographical area?
LAN
What is the networking term that describes the total time it takes a data packet to travel from one node to another?
Latency
What is the major technical issue in using a satellite network connection?
Latency problems within the system
You added a speaker add-in card to your desktop computer and want to connect the card to an amplifier. Which color collar would the port you need have?
Lime
What type of operating system do most Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices use?
Linux
What computer systems use the 4th extended file system (Ext4)?
Linux boxes
Which of the following application delivery models is considered the "traditional" way to install an application?
Locally installed without the use of a network
What type of application delivery method should be used when information is of high value to a user and it can't easily be recreated or downloaded?
Locally-installed application that runs from the local PC
Which of the following is the best example of a direct/manual database access method?
Log into phpMyAdmin and run SQL statements at the command prompt.
Which pseudocode adds a value to the first element in the array?
Logons(0) = find LastLoggedOnUser and get Forename
Which pseudocode populates the first row and first column?
Logons(0,0) = find LastLoggedOnUser and get Forename
Which pseudocode populates the first row and second column?
Logons(0,1) = find LastLoggedOnUser and get Time
Which of these cellular standards has the fastest top data rate?
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
A program has a piece of code that needs to be repeated over and over until the condition has been fulfilled. What is this an example of?
Looping
What is the main difference between looping and branching?
Loops are used to perform a task until a condition is met.
Which feature of a wireless router allows you to specify precisely which wireless clients may join your network?
MAC filtering
Older bus interfaces and many types of network interfaces work at what signal speed?
MHz, or 1 million cycles per second
Manufacturer websites are a great source for what types of resources?
Manuals, drivers, and knowledge bases
How does a markup language, such as HTML, assist a program when rendering code?
Markup language makes data in a document accessible to a program through structured tags.
Wireless networks and residential Internet links typically have what throughput speed?
Mbps, or 1,000,000 bits per second
Which software package is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)?
Microsoft SQL Server
Which peripheral device fills cells with color and uses transistors to vary intensity?
Monitor
Which device is categorized as a Human Interface Device (HID)?
Mouse
How do Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) handle multiple users accessing the same database concurrently?
Multiple users can view the same record at the same time. If more than one user attempts to update the same record at the same time, the RDBMS locks that record so that only one user at a time can update.
Which type of server application architecture model can have a complex architecture in which the application may use separate access control or monitoring services?
N-tier
What is an advantage that the New Technology File System (NTFS) has over the File Allocation Table (FAT)?
NTFS has larger partitions and supports extended attributes, allowing for file-level security permissions, compression, and encryption.
Which of the following is NOT a Radio Frequency means of creating a wireless network?
Near Field Communication (NFC)
You are using a scanner to scan a Word document into your computer. What type of software would you use to convert the image into a computer-editable text document?
OCR
What type of operating system is a .dmg file intended for?
OS X
Your new "Plug-and-Play" printer is not installing properly, even though Windows tried to find a driver using Windows Update. What else can you do to install the device?
Obtain a device driver from the manufacturer.
Where is your data stored if you store it on the "cloud"?
On a server hosted by a service provider
Where would you find the Front Side Bus (FSB) in a computer?
On the motherboard
How are onboard and add-on Network Interface Cards (NIC) different?
Onboard cards and add-on cards operate the in the same way.
In a situation where a PC-based database and an application are both hosted on the same computer, what is the application architecture called?
One-tier
Which type of application architecture model is considered "standalone"?
One-tier
Which would be the LEAST desirable architecture option for a database that requires a high degree of scalability?
One-tier
What is the name of the cloud storage agent built into the latest versions of Windows?
OneDrive
What type of software license grants users permission to modify the code of the program as they see fit?
Open source
What needs to be installed on a PC to manage computer hardware and software resources?
Operating system
Which brand of Central Processing Unit (CPU) would be found in a 32-bit server?
Opteron
Your keyboard no longer works and is not fixable. You look in the closet and find an old dusty keyboard with a cable that ends in a 6-pin purple-colored connector. What type of connector have you found?
PS/2
What is the function of an IF conditional statement in code?
Part of the code only executes when certain conditions are true or false.
What do you call an action through which someone uses, makes, sells, or imports your invention without your permission?
Patent infringement
In which situation would Windows Disk Defragmenter be helpful?
Performance is being affected by used and free storage areas on a hard disk being greatly scattered.
What is the set of rules that determines what actions you are allowed to perform on a computer and what resources you can access?
Permissions
What unit is used to measure large storage network and cloud systems?
Petabyte, or 1000 TB
What does the High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) not provide between equipment?
Power to the connected device
Who would typically use a query/report builder to access database data?
Power users and programmers
What type of software enables you to create sophisticated business briefs that can be projected for display?
Presentation software
While you are performing troubleshooting, a program is not responding and will not close when the exit button is clicked. How can you end the frozen program without losing your other work?
Press Ctrl+Alt+Del, start the Task Manager, and end the task from the Applications tab.
What type of software allows stakeholders and users to control costs and manage budgeting through project planning, scheduling, resource allocation, and change management?
Project management software
What is the basic function of an operating system?
Providing an interface between user and machine
Which option is NOT among the basic functions of an operating system?
Providing productivity applications such as word processing and spreadsheets
When set in your browser, what can be configured to act as a firewall and apply other types of content filtering rules?
Proxy settings
Which type of memory is used for system memory?
RAM
Microsoft SQL Server is an example of what?
RDBMS
What type of connector would you use on the Wide Area Network (WAN) port of a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem?
RJ-11
What type of connector would you use to connect a wired router to an Ethernet network?
RJ-45
In Information Technology (IT) terminology, what is ROSI and how do you calculate it?
Return on Security Investment; to calculate ROSI, you perform risk assessments to work out how much the loss of data would cost your organization and how likely it is that data loss might occur when an attacker removes data from your network without authorization.
Which is a reason cybersecurity is important?
Risks will continue to be a concern in the future. The severity of attacks is increasing. The number of threats is increasing.
In a relational database, data is organized into tables that are made up of rows and columns. The term "record" is a synonym for which of these terms?
Row
What does the Boot Camp feature of a Mac allow you to do?
Run a Windows operating system on a Mac
The Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3) protocol is for incoming mail. Which protocol is used for outgoing mail?
SMTP
Which of these uses volatile memory?
SO-DIMM
You need to increase the system memory of your laptop and decide to research the types of memory available. Which would fit in your laptop?
SODIMM
Using a programmatic database access method to interact with a relational database would require what type of commands?
SQL
What type of storage device is a hybrid device?
SSD
What term is defined as the ability of a database to increase in size as more information is added to it without increasing costs at the same rate?
Scalability
Which type of software would you use to ensure everyone can see the same display output during an online meeting?
Screen sharing software
What is the preferred installation method when adding new software to a computer?
Selecting the default installation options
How do you install services on your computer?
Services may be installed by Windows and by other applications, such as anti-virus,
How do you install services on your computer?
Services may be installed by Windows and by other applications, such as anti-virus, database, or backup software.
What would you need to do if you wanted a computer to always look for a bootable CD before looking to the local hard drive?
Set the BIOS boot sequence to check the optical drive before the hard disk drive.
What is the first step needed to begin a data-driven business decision?
Set-up of a data capture and collection system
What security-related action helps protect the wireless router in your home?
Setting up encryption and using a password
Which application is an example of collaboration software?
Skype
What is the difference between hardware and software?
Software refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. Hardware is the set of physical components that make up the system and perform the work.
If you had to track and analyze sales data and work on your company accounts, which type of software would you use?
Spreadsheet software
In the event of an application failure, which application architecture model would be the most disruptive to users?
Standalone
The value "CompTIA" is a representation of which data type?
String
What does the acronym SQL stand for?
Structured Query Language
Which language is typically used by Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) to maintain data?
Structured Query Language (SQL)
When writing pseudocode, what are subroutines?
Subroutines are blocks of code that represent duplicate tasks but have been defined separately.
Which of these would NOT use flash memory?
Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
What Windows utility monitors the system for changes to core system files and drivers, as well as the registry?
System Restore
Which is NOT carried by the expansion bus?
System memory data
Which of the following is NOT an example of IoT functionality in modern cars?
Systems that begin the vehicle wash cycle so that it finishes at a specific time
If you are interested in viewing real-time statistics of processor and memory usage, which Windows operating system tool should you open?
Task Manager
How do you distinguish between tasks and processes/services?
Tasks are usually the actions that the user or CPU directs in the foreground. Processes and services run in the background.
What throughput capacity is found in major telecommunications links between data centers, cities, and countries?
Tbps, or 1,000,000,000,000 bits per second
Newer hard disks and other large storage networks can be measured in what unit?
Terabyte, or 1000 GB
In a database where each employee is assigned to one project, and each project can have multiple employees, which database design option would apply?
The "Project" table would have a primary key of ProjectID. The "Employee" table would have a primary key of EmployeeID and a foreign key of ProjectID.
In Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), what does the <a> tag do?
The <a> tag indicates that the content links to another resource.
In Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), what does the <body> tag do?
The <body> tag indicates the main part of the content as a page to show to the
In Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), what does the <h1> tag do?
The <h1> tag indicates that the content is a heading level.
In Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), what does the <html> tag do?
The <html> tag is the top-level parent element that identifies the type of document.
In Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), what does the <p> tag do?
The <p> tag indicates the content is a paragraph-level block.
A register is found within what part of the computer?
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Which of the following is NOT an example of a management Graphical User Interface (GUI) or interface snap-in or applet tool?
The Command Line Interface
You have a new printer to install on your Windows computer. Where would you go in Windows to configure user-configurable settings for the printer?
The Devices and Printers folder
How is a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) different from a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
The GPU is a dedicated processor for display functions.
What part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) determines whether it is 32-bit or 64-bit?
The General Purpose (GP) register
What unit of measure is used to describe disk capacity?
The Gigabyte (GB), which is 1000 x 1000 x 1000 bytes
What is the advantage of downloading files from a site that begins with HTTPS as opposed to HTTP?
The HTTPS site uses SSL/TLS to encrypt data and provide a secure connection.
Your new device has a web-based configuration. What do you need to access the configuration page?
The Internet Protocol (IP) address
What does a Java Virtual Machine (VM) do?
The Java VM converts source code into machine code to run on the hardware platform.
Medium to large files are measured in what unit?
The Megabyte (MB), which is 1000 x 1000 bytes
Which of these is acting as a local file server?
The Network Attached Storage (NAS) device on the network
What is the main difference between a Solid State Drive (SSD) and a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)?
The SSD uses flash memory and the HDD uses platters.
If you are experiencing a problem caused by an outdated driver, where should you look to update it?
The Support section of the manufacturer's website
Where can the Task Scheduler be found?
The Task Scheduler is accessed via its own console or the Computer Management console.
What is packet switching?
The ability of one computer to forward information to another using any available pathway
What functionality does an Internet of Things (IOT) home appliance provide to a homeowner?
The ability to check inventory levels or start a washing machine cycle remotely
What functionality does an Internet of Things (IOT) thermostat provide to a homeowner?
The ability to control heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) from an app installed on a phone
What functionality does an Internet of Things (IOT) security system provide to a homeowner?
The ability to monitor and control alarms, locks, lighting, and videophone entry systems remotely
What functionality does an Internet of Things (IOT) streaming media device provide to a homeowner?
The ability to play stored content through any smart speaker or TV connected to the home network
What functionality does an Internet Protocol (IP) camera provide to a business owner?
The ability to see a coverage area through either direct connect or snapshots uploaded to the cloud
Which of these is a clear warning from the browser that a certificate is invalid?
The address bar is colored maroon and a warning message is displayed.
What is the basic unit of computer data?
The binary digit or bit, which can represent two values (0 or 1)
What is the first multiple of a bit?
The byte, which represents eight bits
When a computer writes data to memory and manipulates that data, the computer is said to be doing what?
The computer is using the CPU to act on instructions from the operating system and application software.
What is a symptom of an overheating computer?
The computer locks up, freezes, or shuts down.
Why is it important to understand the different data types that a computer program can use?
The data type determines what sort of operations can be performed.
Why is a client-server application considered a two-tier architecture?
The database runs on a database server, while the application is run on the client computer.
You cannot access the wireless network. In Device Manager, you see a small red X near the network adapter. What does this indicate?
The device has been disabled.
What design consideration can typically be found in a server?
The device has extra copies of many components to make the system more fault tolerant.
What design consideration can typically be found in a gaming console?
The device is optimized to use an HDTV as the primary display and a wireless controller for input.
What design consideration can typically be found in a workstation computer?
The device requires peripheral devices connected to the motherboard via ports.
What design consideration can typically be found in a laptop?
The device uses different system components that are smaller, lighter, and draw less power.
In the Device Manager window, you notice a yellow exclamation mark next to a specific device. What is most likely the problem?
The driver for that device is either missing or the wrong version.
Which is NOT a reason cybersecurity is important?
The effectiveness of defense methods is decreasing.
If you plan on diagnosing a problem by searching technical forums or other Internet resources, what information should you provide if you are getting an error message?
The exact text of the error message.
What happens when a user running Word 2003 tries to open a .docx file?
The file may cause issues, since it is a format that was created in Word 2007 or later.
What is the primary difference between a LAN and a WAN?
The geographic distance between the devices that are being networked
What are grinding noises coming from the system most likely a warning sign of?
The hard drive is physically damaged.
How will that affect your query results?
The list of product names and prices will now be sorted by price.
What usually happens to email messages when a client accesses them using the Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3)?
The messages are downloaded to the client and deleted from the server.
What is used to connect chipsets and sockets using buses?
The motherboard
What manages memory on a computer?
The operating system will do the best job it can with the resources available.
In which order are the rows typically stored in a relational table?
The order in which they were entered into the database
You have been placed on a project to update the addresses of customers in a "Customer" table. Who can issue the SQL commands to give you permission to update the data in that table?
The owner of the "Customer" table
What are peripheral devices?
The parts of a computer system that are not contained within the case
What is NOT considered a challenge of using cross-platform applications?
The performance of JavaScript/HTML5-based apps
In a relational database, what is the relationship between a primary key and a foreign key?
The primary key is in one table and it is matched to the foreign key in a secondary table.
What is data correlation?
The process of analyzing the whole data set and finding connections and links between data points
Where can you find the product key and serial number for your licensed computer?
The product key is usually on the license sticker on the box and can also be found in the About option of the Help menu.
You notice that your monitor is flickering a lot. What is a likely explanation for this issue?
The refresh rate may be too low or too high.
In which step of the troubleshooting process do you question the obvious?
The second step, in which you establish a theory of probable cause
Why is it important to consider the number and size of columns included in a table schema?
The size of each row affects the amount of storage used, and how quickly it can be processed.
What is an advantage of developing software using a single-platform model?
The software can perform better, and it is easier to check the software for errors because it was tailor-made for a specific platform.
What is a basic restriction found in software licensing?
The software may only be installed on one computer.
Your manager has asked you to display the customer database schema. What useful information will your schema provide?
The structure of the database
After performing the standard troubleshooting steps, your built-in Ethernet port still isn't functioning. Which option should you check before escalating the problem?
The system BIOS
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a semi-structured data warehouse for storing information?
The traditional relational data model has a popular and ready-made query language, SQL.
Structured databases work well, but why is it sometimes a better choice to store data in unstructured and semi-structured databases?
There are certain types of data (PowerPoint presentations, text files, Word documents, etc.) that are more easily stored without the rigid formatting a structured database requires.
Why might a table called "Products" in a relational database have twelve rows?
There are twelve products.
How is the amount of storage that can be used by a string limited?
There is no limitation to the amount of storage used by a string.
While browsing through a set of directories, you see a folder called New Folder (2). What can you tell about this folder?
There was already a folder called New Folder in the directory at the time it was created.
What purpose do peripheral devices usually perform?
They allow information to be entered as input or received as output.
Which statement BEST describes batch files?
They are a collection of command-line instructions that you store in a .CMD file.
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of attributes?
They are values and data types that define the object.
Which of the following accurately describes arrays?
They can be either single-dimensional or multi-dimensional.
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of methods?
They define what you can do to an object.
What key role do functions play in both consistency and functionality?
They enable you to create segments of code that you will reuse.
How do compilers and interpreters respond to comments in your code?
They ignore comments.
Which negative factor must be considered when developing with interpreted languages?
They must be converted into machine code, therefore increasing runtime.
Why are server operating systems likely to include software packages (or roles)?
They often use one role to run network services and a different role to support specific functions for more users.
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of properties?
They represent an alternative way of accessing a field publicly.
What is the primary function of markup language tags?
They tell a client application (such as a browser) how to structure the
Which server application architecture model requires that the client NOT have direct communications with the data tier?
Three-tier
How does a computer receive data entered by a user?
Through the use of peripheral devices, such as mice and keyboards
You have a new Apple workstation and you are looking for a port on the machine where you can plug in either a monitor or a peripheral. What type of port would you use?
Thunderbolt
You have a new external hard drive. Which of these ports could be used to connect to the device?
Thunderbolt
What is the SQL UPDATE command used for?
To change the value in one or more fields in a table
What is the purpose of the SQL DROP command?
To delete a table or an entire database
When should you use hexadecimal notation?
To express large numbers
What is the primary purpose of the Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE)?
To help create and manage your Windows PowerShell scripts
Why is it important to ask a user questions when first hearing about a problem?
To help you classify the problem in terms o1f nature and scope
In which situation would you use a vector?
To include a container that can grow or shrink in size as elements are added or removed
Query languages, such as Structured Query Language, are designed for what purpose?
To retrieve specific records from a dataset
If technicians are attempting to replicate a problem reported by a user, what are they doing?
Trying to cause the issue to happen again so they can see it for themselves
Which type of server application architecture model separates the database engine from the business logic?
Two-tier application architecture model
Which USB standard has a rate of 480 Mbps?
USB 2.0
What type of USB connector would you plug into a host?
USB Type A
You just bought a new smartphone that did not come with the necessary USB charging cable. In the instructions booklet, a picture of the charging cable depicts the device end of the cable as being flat on both sides and reversible. What type of cable do you need?
USB Type C
Websites tend to use what Unicode standard?
UTF-8
What is the best long-term solution to ensure compatibility with today's web browsers?
Upgrading web applications
What can be done to change or extend the functionality of a web browser?
Use browser add-ons.
What can a user do to prevent the browser from storing cookies or temporary files?
Use private browsing mode.
Which of these is NOT considered a best practice policy for naming files?
Use spaces to add definite breaks in the name.
You have multiple monitors connected to your computer. How would you configure the screens to give you more "real estate" available for viewing?
Use the "Extend these displays" setting.
If you can't end a task by closing it or ending it normally, what is the best way to "kill" the process?
Use the Task Manager utility to end the task
The use of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to allow users to search and add records is an example of which type of database access method?
User interface/utility
Which statement is NOT true regarding SQL permissions?
Users can only be given permission to view data by the owner. Permission to update data is handled outside of SQL.
Most programming languages are similar in their structure and syntax, but it is important to use the specific syntax of a given language. Why?
Using incorrect syntax will create errors, causing the code not to compile or run.
How does a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) get translated to an Internet Protocol (IP) address?
Using the Domain Name System (DNS) resolution process
Which connector is a legacy analog video interface?
VGA
What should you be looking for when you read software licensing agreements?
Verification that you have a valid agreement or license to install and use the product
What should NOT be done before trying to install an application?
Verify that the software will run on your computer by pressing the executable command
Who created DisplayPort?
Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)
What type of software allows users to configure virtual meeting rooms to talk face-to-face over the Internet?
Video conferencing software
What does Internet Message Access Protocol 4 (IMAP4) allow a user to do that Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) does not?
View the same email from many different devices
You need to update a device that was installed two years ago. What action should you take to find the most recent updates?
Visit the website of the company that manufactured the device.
What programming language is VBScript based on?
Visual Basic
What software assists in the creation of a schematic representation of simplified drawings showing the appearance, structure, or workings of something?
Visual diagramming software
Which type of encryption should be avoided when configuring a wireless router?
WEP
Which wireless encryption standard improves on Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) by adding the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?
WPA
Which wireless encryption standard improves security by adding Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher-based authentication?
WPA2
Which standard is the best choice for encrypting your wireless network?
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)
Which system uses an automatically generated Service Set Identifier (SSID) and encryption keys to configure wireless networks?
WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
A database administrator is considering adding a primary key to enforce unique rows, defining a format for a phone number, and adding a rule so that a user must enter a date prior to today.
What is the administrator adding to the database?
When does data become information?
When it is applied to some purpose and adds timely value for the recipient
Constants are best used in which situation?
When referencing a value that cannot be changed within a program
When would open authentication be appropriate for a wireless network?
When the network is completely public and intended for everyone
What is a data breach?
When your network exposes private data publicly, whether or not the data is actively stolen
Which of the following is NOT an example of a function?
While
How are integers represented?
Whole numbers that are in base 10, such as 5, 21, or 65536
Which type of software allows the user to write and edit a document?
Word processing software
What does a programmer do?
Works with programming language(s) to write code for applications
Why might a language like Extensible Markup Language (XML) be commonly used in a document database?
XML makes it easier to parse and sort through the data in a variety of types of documents.
You added a Small Office Home Office (SOHO) access point to your home network. How would you access the management page for the device?
You added a Small Office Home Office (SOHO) access point to your home network. How would you access the management page for the device?
How do you protect an idea or invention without actually creating an example of it?
You can patent it.
What limitation is placed on a number when it is entered as a character data type?
You cannot perform mathematical operations on it.
What is a characteristic of an open source software license?
You have the ability to access the code and the right to modify it.
Why should you consult your hardware manufacturer's documentation prior to attempting a Do-It-Yourself fix?
You might void your warranty if you tinker with the hardware.
You just connected a monitor to your VGA port, but the monitor is showing the same thing that is on your laptop screen. What do you need to do in order to have different applications open on each display?
You need to go to the Display options and select the option to extend the desktop across all displays.
What limitation should you be aware of when applying Media Access Control (MAC) filtering on your network devices?
You will need to modify the safe list for each new authorized client device going forward.
Which of the following is a correct Universal Naming Convention (UNC) format for a shared folder?
\\GTSLEARNING\DocShare
What command would you enter if you wanted to test the integrity of the E drive and repair any errors that are found?
chkdsk E: /f
What system command would you enter to verify the logical integrity of a file system on a Windows machine?
chkdsk.exe
Which psuedocode defines a one-dimensional array allowing up to ten rows?
declare Logons(9) as string
Which pseudocode creates a two-dimensional array?
declare Logons(9,1) as string
In terms of coding, what does the acronym XML stand for?
eXtensible Markup Language
Test Link with Answers
https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/?quiz=3nh5c47bd493b7e7
What command would you use if you wanted a computer to drop its current IP address?
ipconfig /release
What command would you use if you wanted the computer to obtain a new IP address from the network host?
ipconfig /renew