Chapter 4 review

the purpose of cellular respiration is the production of

ATP

which type of cytoskeletal protein is also involved in muscle contractions?

Actin

A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be _____.

An Archean

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

Cristae

which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example in the vertebrate heart?

Gap junctions

signals are transmitted between the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton through __________ proteins.

Integrins

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

Metabolically active

the protein actin is a component of an ____________

Microfilaments (globular protein)

which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus?

Microtubules

which of the following components is external to the plasma membrane?

The extracellular matrix

Lysosomes are derived from _____ and function in _____.

The golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum.... digestion of worn out organelles

which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

Transport vesicles

Resolution is the

ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.

what changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosomes (functions to remove unwanted or unneeded material from the cell)

of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?

ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER ( each is capable of synthesis)

The term resolving power refers to ___________

the ability to see two points or objects separate

If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?

transmission electron microscope

Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____.

Nucleus

In muscle cells, the _____ is/are specialized for the storage and release of calcium.

Smooth ER (when a muscle cell is stimulated by a nerve impulse, calcium is released from the smooth ER, triggering the contraction)

Which of the following is a function of the rough ER?

Synthesizing receptor proteins

what component of the cell membrane connects signals from the outside of the cell with the inside of the cell and vice versa?

Integrins (span the membrane and integrate signals)

the internal skeleton of a cell is composed of ___________

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

which cell structure is responsible for metabolism?

Mitochondrion

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.

On the rough endoplasmic reticulum

you have identified a new organism. it has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. this new organism is most likely a(n)

Plant

which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

the cell becomes crowded with undigested waste

membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to ____________.

the endoplasmic reticulum

to enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through ___________

the plasma membrane (defines boundary of cell)

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?

the protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the golgi apparatus