Chapter 4 Test 2 Study Guide - Sharon Largarde
10 General Features
1. Consists mainly of closely packed cells with little extra cellular Matrix/material 2. Arranged in sheets 3. Has an apical and basal surface attached to a basement membrane 4. Many cell junctions are present 5. Avascular (no vascular) 6. Adheres firmly to nearby connective tissue 7. Has a nerve supply 8. High capacity for renewal 9. Derived from all 3 primary germ layers 10. Functions in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, sensory Reception and generation of gametes
Features of Connective Tissue:
1. consists of 2 basic elements - cells and a matrix 2. do not generally occur on free surfaces 3. has a nerve supply except for cartilage 4. highly vascular except for cartilage 5. matrix can be fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, fibrous or calcified
16. Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? a. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers b. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers c. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers d. matrix, ground substance, and fluid
a. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers
12. In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? a. columnar b. stratified c. squamous d. transitional
a. columnar
9. The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________. a. differentiation b. maturation c. modification d. specialization
a. differentiation
15. The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. a. holocrine; apocrine b. eccrine; endocrine c. apocrine; holocrine d. eccrine; apocrine
a. holocrine; apocrine
Holocrine glands
accumulate their products in the cytosol; when the Cell dies, it discharges its secretions
18. Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? a. tendon b. adipose tissue c. reticular tissue d. dense connective tissue
b. adipose tissue
26. The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. a. dendrite b. axon c. microglia d. collagen fiber
b. axon
10. Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. a. endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium b. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm c. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue d. epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium
b. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
29. When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release? a. collagen b. histamine c. hyaluronic acid d. meylin
b. histamine
30. Atrophy refers to ________. a. loss of elasticity b. loss of mass c. loss of rigidity d. loss of permeability
b. loss of mass
20. In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. a. mesoderm b. mesenchyme c. ectoderm d. endoderm
b. mesenchyme
14. Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? a. transitional b. stratified columnar c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar d. stratified squamous
b. stratified columnar
19. Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? a. areolar tissue b. adipose tissue c. dense regular connective tissue d. dense irregular connective tissue
c. dense regular connective tissue
8. Which of the following is not a type of tissue? a. muscle b. nervous c. embryonic d. epithelial
c. embryonic
28. Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation? a. redness b. heat c. fever d. swelling
c. fever
31. Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for ________. a. diet b. exercise c. genetic factors d. stress
c. genetic factors
13. Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? a. columnar b. pseudostratified c. simple squamous d. transitional
c. simple squamous
Epithelial tissue
covers body surfaces; lines hollow organs ex. Body cavities and ducts
27. Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier? a. microglia b. neuroglia c. oligodendrocytes d. astrocytes
d. astrocytes
17. Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ________. a. loose connective tissue b. a tendon c. bone d. hyaline cartilage
d. hyaline cartilage
11. Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? a. mesothelium b. lamina propria c. mesenteries d. mucosa
d. mucosa
21. In bone, the main cells are ________. a. fibroblasts b. chondrocytes c. lymphocytes d. osteocytes
d. osteocytes
Merocrine glands
discharge their products by exocytosis ex. saliva And sweat
Endocrine glands
ductless; predominately in hormones that enter extra cellular fluids and in the blood
Apocrine glands
found at the apical surface of the cell and pinches the secretion off
Ectoderm
gives rise to epithelial and nervous tissues; forms the skin (outer layer)
Endoderm
gives rise to epithelial tissue that forms the lining of the digestive tract (inner layer)
Mesoderm
gives rise to epithelial, connective and muscle tissues that form muscle, bone and blood vessels (middle layer)
Nervous tissue
initiates and transmits action potentials
Muscle tissue
movement and generational force
Connective tissue
protects and supports; binds organs together; stores energy reserves like fat and provides immunity
Exocrine glands
secrete products into ducts Ex. sweat, saliva, oil and Digestive juices
24. Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? a. nuclei b. striations c. golgi bodies d. mitochondria
d. mitochondria
23. The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. a. myoblasts b. endoderm c. fibrocytes d. chondrocytes
a. myoblasts
25. The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ________. a. neurons b. oligodendrocytes c. astrocytes d. microglia
a. neurons
22. Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. a. skeletal muscle only b. cardiac muscle only c. smooth muscle only d. skeletal and cardiac muscles
a. skeletal muscle only