Chapter 4 Test 2 Study Guide - Sharon Largarde

10 General Features

1. Consists mainly of closely packed cells with little extra cellular Matrix/material 2. Arranged in sheets 3. Has an apical and basal surface attached to a basement membrane 4. Many cell junctions are present 5. Avascular (no vascular) 6. Adheres firmly to nearby connective tissue 7. Has a nerve supply 8. High capacity for renewal 9. Derived from all 3 primary germ layers 10. Functions in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, sensory Reception and generation of gametes

Features of Connective Tissue:

1. consists of 2 basic elements - cells and a matrix 2. do not generally occur on free surfaces 3. has a nerve supply except for cartilage 4. highly vascular except for cartilage 5. matrix can be fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, fibrous or calcified

16. Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? a. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers b. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers c. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers d. matrix, ground substance, and fluid

a. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers

12. In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? a. columnar b. stratified c. squamous d. transitional

a. columnar

9. The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________. a. differentiation b. maturation c. modification d. specialization

a. differentiation

15. The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. a. holocrine; apocrine b. eccrine; endocrine c. apocrine; holocrine d. eccrine; apocrine

a. holocrine; apocrine

Holocrine glands

accumulate their products in the cytosol; when the Cell dies, it discharges its secretions

18. Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? a. tendon b. adipose tissue c. reticular tissue d. dense connective tissue

b. adipose tissue

26. The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. a. dendrite b. axon c. microglia d. collagen fiber

b. axon

10. Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. a. endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium b. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm c. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue d. epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium

b. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

29. When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release? a. collagen b. histamine c. hyaluronic acid d. meylin

b. histamine

30. Atrophy refers to ________. a. loss of elasticity b. loss of mass c. loss of rigidity d. loss of permeability

b. loss of mass

20. In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. a. mesoderm b. mesenchyme c. ectoderm d. endoderm

b. mesenchyme

14. Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? a. transitional b. stratified columnar c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar d. stratified squamous

b. stratified columnar

19. Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? a. areolar tissue b. adipose tissue c. dense regular connective tissue d. dense irregular connective tissue

c. dense regular connective tissue

8. Which of the following is not a type of tissue? a. muscle b. nervous c. embryonic d. epithelial

c. embryonic

28. Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation? a. redness b. heat c. fever d. swelling

c. fever

31. Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for ________. a. diet b. exercise c. genetic factors d. stress

c. genetic factors

13. Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? a. columnar b. pseudostratified c. simple squamous d. transitional

c. simple squamous

Epithelial tissue

covers body surfaces; lines hollow organs ex. Body cavities and ducts

27. Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier? a. microglia b. neuroglia c. oligodendrocytes d. astrocytes

d. astrocytes

17. Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ________. a. loose connective tissue b. a tendon c. bone d. hyaline cartilage

d. hyaline cartilage

11. Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? a. mesothelium b. lamina propria c. mesenteries d. mucosa

d. mucosa

21. In bone, the main cells are ________. a. fibroblasts b. chondrocytes c. lymphocytes d. osteocytes

d. osteocytes

Merocrine glands

discharge their products by exocytosis ex. saliva And sweat

Endocrine glands

ductless; predominately in hormones that enter extra cellular fluids and in the blood

Apocrine glands

found at the apical surface of the cell and pinches the secretion off

Ectoderm

gives rise to epithelial and nervous tissues; forms the skin (outer layer)

Endoderm

gives rise to epithelial tissue that forms the lining of the digestive tract (inner layer)

Mesoderm

gives rise to epithelial, connective and muscle tissues that form muscle, bone and blood vessels (middle layer)

Nervous tissue

initiates and transmits action potentials

Muscle tissue

movement and generational force

Connective tissue

protects and supports; binds organs together; stores energy reserves like fat and provides immunity

Exocrine glands

secrete products into ducts Ex. sweat, saliva, oil and Digestive juices

24. Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? a. nuclei b. striations c. golgi bodies d. mitochondria

d. mitochondria

23. The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. a. myoblasts b. endoderm c. fibrocytes d. chondrocytes

a. myoblasts

25. The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ________. a. neurons b. oligodendrocytes c. astrocytes d. microglia

a. neurons

22. Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. a. skeletal muscle only b. cardiac muscle only c. smooth muscle only d. skeletal and cardiac muscles

a. skeletal muscle only