chapter 4 the study of tissues
The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is
proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.
Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?
rest on a basement membrane
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?
simple cuboidal epithelium
If an X-ray shows a black area in the region of the epiphyseal plate,
the bone is fractured.
The various types of epithelium are classified by
the shape of cells and number of cell layers.
The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a
tight junction.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
LOOSE AREOLAR ,COLLAGENOUS FIBERS LOOSELY ARRANGED
HYALAURONIC ACID
LUBRICANT FOR EYE
CYTES
MAINTAIN THE MATRIX EX. CHONDROCYTE
HISTOLOGY
MICROSPOIC STUDY OF TISSUE
MESODERM
MIDDLE LAYER , FORMS TISSUES MUSCLE, BONE, BLOOD VESSELS
FIBROCARTILAGE
MORE FIBERS, IN KNEES, SHOCK ASORBERS
STRATEFIED
MORE THAN 1 LAYER
YELLOW ADIPOSE
MOST ADBUNDANT, WHITE AT BIRTH, YELLOW WITH AGE. CAROTENES COMES FROM PLANTS ABD VITAMIN A. FLATENED AND ECCENTRIC SCANT RING OF CYTOPLASM LIPID DROPOUT.
COLLAGEN
MOST COMMON IN BODY ELASTIC, FLEXIABLE STRONG
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
MOSTLY CELLS, REGENRATE,COVERS BODY SURFACES, GLANDS, CAVATIES, HEART BLOOD VESSLES. BASEMENT MEMBRANE
MUSCLE TISSUE
MOVES BLOOD OVER ENTIRE BODY, CONTRACT OR SHORTENS WITH FORCE.
STRATEFIED COLUMNAR
MULTIPLE LAYERS COLUMN SHAPE, LOCATED BREAST, LARYNX, MALE URETHRA,PROTECTION AND SECREATION
STABLE
NO MITOSIS AFTER GROWTH ENDS. DEVIDE AFTER INJURY, LIVER , PANCREASE, ENDOCRINE CELLS
ENDOCRINE
NO OPEN CONTACT PRODUCE HORMONES
EXOCRINE
OPEN CONTACT SKIN AND DUCTOUTSIDE. CLASSFIED BY STRUCTURE OR METHOD OF SECREATION
ECTODERM
OUTERLAYER, FORM SKIN AND NEURODERM
ZONULA OCCULAUDENS
PERMEABILITY BARRIER, STOMACH,URINARY, BADDER
MACROPHAGES
PHAGOCYTZE PROVIDE PROTECTION FIXED STAY IN PLACE.
Proteoglycans
PROTEIN AND POLYSACCHARIDE. GOOD LUBRICANT. PART ATTACHES TO HYALURONIC ACID. TRAPS LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER
GAP JUNCTIONS
PROTEIN CHANNELS AND INTRACELLULAR COMMUNICATE. COORDINATE FUNCTIONS FOR CARDIAC AND SMOOTH MUSCLE. MAY HELP COORDINATE MOVEMENT OFCILIATED TYPE.
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
PROTEIN FIBERS
DENDRITE
RECEIVES IMPULSES OTHER NEURONS CAN BE MANY
FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE
RED, WHITE, PLATELETS ALL BLOOD CELLS. PRODUCE BONE MARROW, AND YELLOW BONE MARROW
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
RESPOND TO INJURY OR INFECTION
CONNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS
SEPERATE ORANS INTO LAYERS. TRANSPORT BLOOD,INSULATE,CONNECT TISSUES TO ONE ANOTHER TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS, SUPPORT MOVEMENT , FAT STORAGE
MULTICELLULAR EXOCRINE GLANDS
SIMPPLE DUCTS WITH A FEW BRANCHES,COMPOUND MANY BRANCHES
3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
SKELETAL, CARDIAC, SMOOTH
FREE SURFACES
SMOOTH REDUCE FRICTION, MICROVILI INCREASE SURFACE ARE BY ABSORPTION, CILIA MOVE MATERIALS ACROSS SURFACE
TIGHT JUNCTION
SPACES BETWEEN BONE SPONGY INSIDE BONE
SPONGY BONE
SPACES INBETWEEN BONE, SPONGY LOOKING, FOUND INSIDE OF BONE
CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
SPECILIZED CELLS PRODUCE THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
CUIBOIDAL
SQUARE SHAPE
UNDIFFRENTIAL MESENCHYME
STEM CELLS, DIFFER IN ADULT CELLS
TISSUE REPAIR
SUB DEAD CELLS BY DAMAGE CELLS BY NEWELLS
NERVOUS TISSUE NEUROOGLIA
SUPPORTS CELLS OF THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD AND NERVOUS.NOURISH, PROTECT, AND INSULATE NEURONS.
PERICHONDRIUM
SURROUNDS CARTILAGE, FIBROBLAST OF PERICHONDRIUM CAN DIFFER INTO CHONDROBLASTS
SEROUS
THIN LYER OF LOOSE CT. SIMPLE SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM CALLED MESTHELIUM, BASEMENT MEMBRANE, LINE CAVATIES NOT OPEN TO EXTERIORR,PERICARDIAL, PLEURAL, PERITORIEL.
COMPACT BONE
TREE RINGS , CONTAIN BLOOD VESSELS
periosteum.
The covering of the outer surface of bone is the
fibroblast.
A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone
A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue?
NEURONS OR NERVE CELLS
ABILTIY TO PRODUCE ACTION POTENTIAL
DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS CT
ABUNDANT COLLAGEN FIBERS TENDONTO MUSCLE , LIGAMENT BONE TO BONE
PSEUDOSTRATEFIED
ALL CELLS TOUCH BASEMNT MEMBRANE SIMPLE
SQUAMOS
ALLOWS DIFFUSION ACT AS A FILTER
CARTILAGE
AVASCULAR HEALS SLOWLY,COMPOSED OF CHONDROCYTES. LOCATED MATRX SURROUNDED LACUNAE
FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE
BLOOD
LOCATION OF SIMPLE SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM
BLOOD VESSELS,LINNING OF BLOOD,LYMPHATIC, SMALL DUCTS, ALVEOLI TUBLES
SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE
BONE, CARTILAGE
CLAST
BREAKS THE BONE DOWN FOR REMODELING. WHEN OLD OSTEOCLASTS.
red bone marrow.
Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in
Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?
Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts.
LABILE
CAPABLE OF MITOSIS THROUGH LIFE, LOCATED SKIN MUCOUS,MEMBRANE, HEMOPAITICTISSUE, LYMPHATIC TISSUE
AXON
CELL PROCESS CONDUCTS IMPULESE AWAY FROM CELL BODY ONLY ONE PER NEURON
HYALINE CARTILAGE
COLLEGEN FIBERS, IN KNEES , RIBS, SKELETON , TRACHAE,IN JOINTS
COLUMNAR
COLOUMN SHAPED
ADIPOSE OR FAT CELLS
COMMON IN DERMIS OF SKIN RARE IN SOME CARTILAGE
MAST CELLS
COMMONLY BENEATH MEMBRANES, ALONG SOME BLOOD VESSELS. RELEASE HISTAMINE AND PROTOLYTIC ENZYMES IN INJURYS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE DOES WHAT?
CONNECT STUFF, SUPPORTS STRUCTURE, BLOOD ADIPOSE, BONES , CARTILAGE, TENDONS
CELL BODY
CONTAINS A NUCLEUS
BLASTS
CREATES THE MATRX, OSTEOBLAST
3 TYPES OF CELL CONNECTIONS
DESMOSOMES,TIGHTJUNCTIONS, GAPJUNCTIONS
DESMOSOMES
DISC SHAPE LIKE CELL MEMEBRANE FOUND WHERE STRESS IS. CONTAIN GKUE LIKE GLYCOPROTEINS, ANCHOR LIKE. IN SKIN STRIATED SQUAMOS
hyaline cartilage.
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is
Volkmann canals
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
3 GERM LAYERS
ECTODERM ,ANDODERM , MESODERM
4 TYPES OF TISSUE
EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE TISSUE, MUSCLE TISSUE, NERVOUS TISSUE
ELASTIC
EXPANDS AND GOES BACK TO NORMAL
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
EXTRACELLULAR, PART CONNECTIVE TISSUE EPITHELIUM, SECREATES, DIRECTS CELL MIGRATION FOR CELL REPAIR. ACTS AS A FILTER IN NEPHRON OF KIDNEY
Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?
Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
extracellular matrix.
Epithelial tissue is distinguished from connective, muscular, or nervous tissue by its
RETICULAR
FILL IN SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES, BRANCHING NETWORKS, COLLAGENOUS.
STRATEFIED SQUAMOS
FLAT SCALE LIKE MUTIPLE LAYERS, LOCATED IN MOIST AREAS MOUTH,THROAT ,LARYNX,ESPHOGUS,ANUS,VAGINA,KERATINZE SKIN .SURFACE CELLS ARE DEAD. PROTECT AGAINST ABRASION, CAUSTIC CHEMCALS,WATER LOSS , INFECTION
SQUAMOS
FLAT SCale LIKE
BROWN ADIPOSE
FOUND IN SPECIFIC AREAS AXILLAE,NECK, NEAR KIDNEYS,POLYGONAL SHAPE ALOT OF CYTOPLASM, MULTIPLE LIPID DROPLETS,NUCLEI ROUNDED AND CENTRALLY LOCATED
CELL CONNECTIONS
FOUND ON LATERAL AND BASAL, BIND CELLS TOGHTER ,PERMEABILTY LAYEER, MECHANISM FOR INTRACELLULAR COMMUNICATION.
OSTEON
FUNCRTION UNIT OF COMPACT BONE, BLACK SPOTS BLOOD VESSELS
SIMPLE COLUMNAR
GLANDS AND SOME DUCTS, BRONCHIOLES , EAR LOBE, BILE DUCT GALL BLADDER. TALLER THAN WIDE SOME HAVE CILIA, TUBE MICROVILI IN INTESTINE.
SECONDARY UNION
GREATER CHANCE OF INFECTION, WOUND NOT CLOSED,GREATER SCARRING, INFLAMMATORY, CLO MAY NOT WORK
+BONE
HARDENED, LOCATED IN LACUNAE, SPONGY, COMPACT OOCYTES
TIGHT JUNCTION
HOLD CELLS TOGETHER ,FORMS A BARRIER
ZONULA ADHERNS
HOLD CELLS TOGETHER BETEWEEN CELLS SIMPLE EPITHILIUM
3 TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
HYALINE,FIBROCARTILAGE,ELASTIC
TYPE OF CELLS: PERMENENT
IF KILLED REPLACED BY NOTHER CELL. NERVOUS SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLE. LIMITED REGENERATED.
RETICULAR TISSUE
IMMUNE SYTEM,LYMPH NODES TRAPS PATHOGENS, SPLEEN, BONE MARROW
ENDODERM
INNER LAYER, FORMS LINNING OF DIGESTIVE TRACT AND DERITIVES
CARDIAC
INVOLUNTARY, STRIATED, GAP JUNCTION 1 NUCLEI
SMOOTH MUSCLE
INVOLUNTRY,1C NUCLEI , NON STRIATED, GAP JUNCTION.
PLATELETS
INVOLVED IN CLOTTING, FRAGMENTS OF HEMITOPOIETIC CELLS
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL LOCATION
KIDNEY TUBULES,GLANDS ,DUCTS, BRAIN,SURFACE OF OVARIES
DENSE REGULAR ELASTIC CT
LIGAMENTS IN VOCAL FOLDS NUCHAL LIGAMENTS. COLLAGEN FIBERS FOR STRENGTH.
MUCOUS
LINE CAVATIES OPEN TO OUTSIDE OFBODY. SECRETE MUCUS, CONTAINNS EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS.
SYNOVIAL
LINE FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS PRODUCE HYALURONIC ACID
WHAT DO EPITHELIAL DO?
LINNING OF SKIN,SUPPORT COMPARTMENT BARRIER, SECREATE STUFF, CREATE GLANDS
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
LINNING OF UTERUS ,URETHA,MUTLIPLE LAYERS CELLS CHANGE DEPENDING ON ORGAN. BLADDER FLUCTUATES URINE DISPELS.
DENSE IRREGULAR ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LOCATED IN ARTERIES BY THE HEART, STRING LIKE YET ELASTIC
DENSE IRREGULAR COLLAGENOUS CT
LOCATED IN SKIN SKARS, CAPSULES OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY. RANDOM NETWORK.
STRATEFIED CUBOIDAL
LOCATED IN SWEAT GLANDS DUCTS SALIVARY GLAND. CUBED SHAPED, SECREATION, ABSORPTION, PROTEC AGAINST INFECTIONS.
SKELETAL
VOLUNTARY STRIATED,NO GAP JUNCTION , MULTINUCLEATED
FOLDS
WHEN AN ORGAN HAS TO CHANGE SHAPE EX. URINARY SYSTEM
PRIMARY UNION
WOUND CLOSES, WOUND FILLS WITH BLOOD, SCAB, CLOT FORMS, INFLAMMATORY PUSS FORMS WHITE CELLS DIE.
epiphyseal plate
What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones
migration of white blood cells to the site of injury
Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation
osteoblasts
Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes?
stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?
2 FORMS OF BONE MARROW
YELLOW , RED
The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is
concentric.
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it
consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them.
Connective tissue in tendons is
dense regular collagenous tissue.
Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
desmosomes.
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
diaphysis
WICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MISMATCHED
ectoderm - nervous system
Adipose tissue
functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage.
Structures that function in intercellular communication are
gap junctions.
secondary union
greater chance infection wound are not closed and greater scarring
zone adherens
hold cells together between cells simple epithelium
ground substance
most common molecules
SIMPLE
1 LAYER
GLANDS
2 GLANDS FORMED BY FOLDING OF EPILITHEUM EX ENDOCRINE, EXOCRINE
Arrange the following events in endochondral ossification in proper sequence: (1) Cartilage matrix is calcified and chondrocytes die. (2) Chondrocytes hypertrophy. (3) Cartilage model is formed. (4) Osteoblasts deposit bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage called the primary ossification center. (5) Blood vessels from the periosteum invade calcified cartilage bringing in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
3, 2, 1, 5, 4