chapter 4 the study of tissues

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?

rest on a basement membrane

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?

simple cuboidal epithelium

If an X-ray shows a black area in the region of the epiphyseal plate,

the bone is fractured.

The various types of epithelium are classified by

the shape of cells and number of cell layers.

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

tight junction.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

LOOSE AREOLAR ,COLLAGENOUS FIBERS LOOSELY ARRANGED

HYALAURONIC ACID

LUBRICANT FOR EYE

CYTES

MAINTAIN THE MATRIX EX. CHONDROCYTE

HISTOLOGY

MICROSPOIC STUDY OF TISSUE

MESODERM

MIDDLE LAYER , FORMS TISSUES MUSCLE, BONE, BLOOD VESSELS

FIBROCARTILAGE

MORE FIBERS, IN KNEES, SHOCK ASORBERS

STRATEFIED

MORE THAN 1 LAYER

YELLOW ADIPOSE

MOST ADBUNDANT, WHITE AT BIRTH, YELLOW WITH AGE. CAROTENES COMES FROM PLANTS ABD VITAMIN A. FLATENED AND ECCENTRIC SCANT RING OF CYTOPLASM LIPID DROPOUT.

COLLAGEN

MOST COMMON IN BODY ELASTIC, FLEXIABLE STRONG

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

MOSTLY CELLS, REGENRATE,COVERS BODY SURFACES, GLANDS, CAVATIES, HEART BLOOD VESSLES. BASEMENT MEMBRANE

MUSCLE TISSUE

MOVES BLOOD OVER ENTIRE BODY, CONTRACT OR SHORTENS WITH FORCE.

STRATEFIED COLUMNAR

MULTIPLE LAYERS COLUMN SHAPE, LOCATED BREAST, LARYNX, MALE URETHRA,PROTECTION AND SECREATION

STABLE

NO MITOSIS AFTER GROWTH ENDS. DEVIDE AFTER INJURY, LIVER , PANCREASE, ENDOCRINE CELLS

ENDOCRINE

NO OPEN CONTACT PRODUCE HORMONES

EXOCRINE

OPEN CONTACT SKIN AND DUCTOUTSIDE. CLASSFIED BY STRUCTURE OR METHOD OF SECREATION

ECTODERM

OUTERLAYER, FORM SKIN AND NEURODERM

ZONULA OCCULAUDENS

PERMEABILITY BARRIER, STOMACH,URINARY, BADDER

MACROPHAGES

PHAGOCYTZE PROVIDE PROTECTION FIXED STAY IN PLACE.

Proteoglycans

PROTEIN AND POLYSACCHARIDE. GOOD LUBRICANT. PART ATTACHES TO HYALURONIC ACID. TRAPS LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER

GAP JUNCTIONS

PROTEIN CHANNELS AND INTRACELLULAR COMMUNICATE. COORDINATE FUNCTIONS FOR CARDIAC AND SMOOTH MUSCLE. MAY HELP COORDINATE MOVEMENT OFCILIATED TYPE.

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

PROTEIN FIBERS

DENDRITE

RECEIVES IMPULSES OTHER NEURONS CAN BE MANY

FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

RED, WHITE, PLATELETS ALL BLOOD CELLS. PRODUCE BONE MARROW, AND YELLOW BONE MARROW

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

RESPOND TO INJURY OR INFECTION

CONNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS

SEPERATE ORANS INTO LAYERS. TRANSPORT BLOOD,INSULATE,CONNECT TISSUES TO ONE ANOTHER TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS, SUPPORT MOVEMENT , FAT STORAGE

MULTICELLULAR EXOCRINE GLANDS

SIMPPLE DUCTS WITH A FEW BRANCHES,COMPOUND MANY BRANCHES

3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

SKELETAL, CARDIAC, SMOOTH

FREE SURFACES

SMOOTH REDUCE FRICTION, MICROVILI INCREASE SURFACE ARE BY ABSORPTION, CILIA MOVE MATERIALS ACROSS SURFACE

TIGHT JUNCTION

SPACES BETWEEN BONE SPONGY INSIDE BONE

SPONGY BONE

SPACES INBETWEEN BONE, SPONGY LOOKING, FOUND INSIDE OF BONE

CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

SPECILIZED CELLS PRODUCE THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

CUIBOIDAL

SQUARE SHAPE

UNDIFFRENTIAL MESENCHYME

STEM CELLS, DIFFER IN ADULT CELLS

TISSUE REPAIR

SUB DEAD CELLS BY DAMAGE CELLS BY NEWELLS

NERVOUS TISSUE NEUROOGLIA

SUPPORTS CELLS OF THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD AND NERVOUS.NOURISH, PROTECT, AND INSULATE NEURONS.

PERICHONDRIUM

SURROUNDS CARTILAGE, FIBROBLAST OF PERICHONDRIUM CAN DIFFER INTO CHONDROBLASTS

SEROUS

THIN LYER OF LOOSE CT. SIMPLE SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM CALLED MESTHELIUM, BASEMENT MEMBRANE, LINE CAVATIES NOT OPEN TO EXTERIORR,PERICARDIAL, PLEURAL, PERITORIEL.

COMPACT BONE

TREE RINGS , CONTAIN BLOOD VESSELS

periosteum.

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

fibroblast.

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a

tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone

A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue?

NEURONS OR NERVE CELLS

ABILTIY TO PRODUCE ACTION POTENTIAL

DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS CT

ABUNDANT COLLAGEN FIBERS TENDONTO MUSCLE , LIGAMENT BONE TO BONE

PSEUDOSTRATEFIED

ALL CELLS TOUCH BASEMNT MEMBRANE SIMPLE

SQUAMOS

ALLOWS DIFFUSION ACT AS A FILTER

CARTILAGE

AVASCULAR HEALS SLOWLY,COMPOSED OF CHONDROCYTES. LOCATED MATRX SURROUNDED LACUNAE

FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

BLOOD

LOCATION OF SIMPLE SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

BLOOD VESSELS,LINNING OF BLOOD,LYMPHATIC, SMALL DUCTS, ALVEOLI TUBLES

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE

BONE, CARTILAGE

CLAST

BREAKS THE BONE DOWN FOR REMODELING. WHEN OLD OSTEOCLASTS.

red bone marrow.

Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?

Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts.

LABILE

CAPABLE OF MITOSIS THROUGH LIFE, LOCATED SKIN MUCOUS,MEMBRANE, HEMOPAITICTISSUE, LYMPHATIC TISSUE

AXON

CELL PROCESS CONDUCTS IMPULESE AWAY FROM CELL BODY ONLY ONE PER NEURON

HYALINE CARTILAGE

COLLEGEN FIBERS, IN KNEES , RIBS, SKELETON , TRACHAE,IN JOINTS

COLUMNAR

COLOUMN SHAPED

ADIPOSE OR FAT CELLS

COMMON IN DERMIS OF SKIN RARE IN SOME CARTILAGE

MAST CELLS

COMMONLY BENEATH MEMBRANES, ALONG SOME BLOOD VESSELS. RELEASE HISTAMINE AND PROTOLYTIC ENZYMES IN INJURYS

CONNECTIVE TISSUE DOES WHAT?

CONNECT STUFF, SUPPORTS STRUCTURE, BLOOD ADIPOSE, BONES , CARTILAGE, TENDONS

CELL BODY

CONTAINS A NUCLEUS

BLASTS

CREATES THE MATRX, OSTEOBLAST

3 TYPES OF CELL CONNECTIONS

DESMOSOMES,TIGHTJUNCTIONS, GAPJUNCTIONS

DESMOSOMES

DISC SHAPE LIKE CELL MEMEBRANE FOUND WHERE STRESS IS. CONTAIN GKUE LIKE GLYCOPROTEINS, ANCHOR LIKE. IN SKIN STRIATED SQUAMOS

hyaline cartilage.

The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

Volkmann canals

These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.

3 GERM LAYERS

ECTODERM ,ANDODERM , MESODERM

4 TYPES OF TISSUE

EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE TISSUE, MUSCLE TISSUE, NERVOUS TISSUE

ELASTIC

EXPANDS AND GOES BACK TO NORMAL

BASEMENT MEMBRANE

EXTRACELLULAR, PART CONNECTIVE TISSUE EPITHELIUM, SECREATES, DIRECTS CELL MIGRATION FOR CELL REPAIR. ACTS AS A FILTER IN NEPHRON OF KIDNEY

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate.

extracellular matrix.

Epithelial tissue is distinguished from connective, muscular, or nervous tissue by its

RETICULAR

FILL IN SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES, BRANCHING NETWORKS, COLLAGENOUS.

STRATEFIED SQUAMOS

FLAT SCALE LIKE MUTIPLE LAYERS, LOCATED IN MOIST AREAS MOUTH,THROAT ,LARYNX,ESPHOGUS,ANUS,VAGINA,KERATINZE SKIN .SURFACE CELLS ARE DEAD. PROTECT AGAINST ABRASION, CAUSTIC CHEMCALS,WATER LOSS , INFECTION

SQUAMOS

FLAT SCale LIKE

BROWN ADIPOSE

FOUND IN SPECIFIC AREAS AXILLAE,NECK, NEAR KIDNEYS,POLYGONAL SHAPE ALOT OF CYTOPLASM, MULTIPLE LIPID DROPLETS,NUCLEI ROUNDED AND CENTRALLY LOCATED

CELL CONNECTIONS

FOUND ON LATERAL AND BASAL, BIND CELLS TOGHTER ,PERMEABILTY LAYEER, MECHANISM FOR INTRACELLULAR COMMUNICATION.

OSTEON

FUNCRTION UNIT OF COMPACT BONE, BLACK SPOTS BLOOD VESSELS

SIMPLE COLUMNAR

GLANDS AND SOME DUCTS, BRONCHIOLES , EAR LOBE, BILE DUCT GALL BLADDER. TALLER THAN WIDE SOME HAVE CILIA, TUBE MICROVILI IN INTESTINE.

SECONDARY UNION

GREATER CHANCE OF INFECTION, WOUND NOT CLOSED,GREATER SCARRING, INFLAMMATORY, CLO MAY NOT WORK

+BONE

HARDENED, LOCATED IN LACUNAE, SPONGY, COMPACT OOCYTES

TIGHT JUNCTION

HOLD CELLS TOGETHER ,FORMS A BARRIER

ZONULA ADHERNS

HOLD CELLS TOGETHER BETEWEEN CELLS SIMPLE EPITHILIUM

3 TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

HYALINE,FIBROCARTILAGE,ELASTIC

TYPE OF CELLS: PERMENENT

IF KILLED REPLACED BY NOTHER CELL. NERVOUS SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLE. LIMITED REGENERATED.

RETICULAR TISSUE

IMMUNE SYTEM,LYMPH NODES TRAPS PATHOGENS, SPLEEN, BONE MARROW

ENDODERM

INNER LAYER, FORMS LINNING OF DIGESTIVE TRACT AND DERITIVES

CARDIAC

INVOLUNTARY, STRIATED, GAP JUNCTION 1 NUCLEI

SMOOTH MUSCLE

INVOLUNTRY,1C NUCLEI , NON STRIATED, GAP JUNCTION.

PLATELETS

INVOLVED IN CLOTTING, FRAGMENTS OF HEMITOPOIETIC CELLS

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL LOCATION

KIDNEY TUBULES,GLANDS ,DUCTS, BRAIN,SURFACE OF OVARIES

DENSE REGULAR ELASTIC CT

LIGAMENTS IN VOCAL FOLDS NUCHAL LIGAMENTS. COLLAGEN FIBERS FOR STRENGTH.

MUCOUS

LINE CAVATIES OPEN TO OUTSIDE OFBODY. SECRETE MUCUS, CONTAINNS EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS.

SYNOVIAL

LINE FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS PRODUCE HYALURONIC ACID

WHAT DO EPITHELIAL DO?

LINNING OF SKIN,SUPPORT COMPARTMENT BARRIER, SECREATE STUFF, CREATE GLANDS

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

LINNING OF UTERUS ,URETHA,MUTLIPLE LAYERS CELLS CHANGE DEPENDING ON ORGAN. BLADDER FLUCTUATES URINE DISPELS.

DENSE IRREGULAR ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE

LOCATED IN ARTERIES BY THE HEART, STRING LIKE YET ELASTIC

DENSE IRREGULAR COLLAGENOUS CT

LOCATED IN SKIN SKARS, CAPSULES OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY. RANDOM NETWORK.

STRATEFIED CUBOIDAL

LOCATED IN SWEAT GLANDS DUCTS SALIVARY GLAND. CUBED SHAPED, SECREATION, ABSORPTION, PROTEC AGAINST INFECTIONS.

SKELETAL

VOLUNTARY STRIATED,NO GAP JUNCTION , MULTINUCLEATED

FOLDS

WHEN AN ORGAN HAS TO CHANGE SHAPE EX. URINARY SYSTEM

PRIMARY UNION

WOUND CLOSES, WOUND FILLS WITH BLOOD, SCAB, CLOT FORMS, INFLAMMATORY PUSS FORMS WHITE CELLS DIE.

epiphyseal plate

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones

migration of white blood cells to the site of injury

Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation

osteoblasts

Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes?

stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?

2 FORMS OF BONE MARROW

YELLOW , RED

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is

concentric.

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it

consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them.

Connective tissue in tendons is

dense regular collagenous tissue.

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

desmosomes.

An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.

diaphysis

WICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MISMATCHED

ectoderm - nervous system

Adipose tissue

functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage.

Structures that function in intercellular communication are

gap junctions.

secondary union

greater chance infection wound are not closed and greater scarring

zone adherens

hold cells together between cells simple epithelium

ground substance

most common molecules

SIMPLE

1 LAYER

GLANDS

2 GLANDS FORMED BY FOLDING OF EPILITHEUM EX ENDOCRINE, EXOCRINE

Arrange the following events in endochondral ossification in proper sequence: (1) Cartilage matrix is calcified and chondrocytes die. (2) Chondrocytes hypertrophy. (3) Cartilage model is formed. (4) Osteoblasts deposit bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage called the primary ossification center. (5) Blood vessels from the periosteum invade calcified cartilage bringing in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

3, 2, 1, 5, 4