Chapter 4

Which of the following is the best strategy for making accurate and ethical attributions? a. avoid overemphasizing the negative b. focus on the positive c. make an educated guess and stick to it d. employ self-serving bias

a. avoid overemphasizing the negative

When Dale first meets Li, he wants to make a good impression, so he talks a lot about himself in a recent reward. Instead of being impressed, Li who is from another country, thinks Dale is being a braggart. This is an example of the role of __________ in perception. a. culture b. social comparison c. power d. historical time period

a. culture

The tendency to attribute others' negative behavior to internal causes and positive behaviors to external causes is called a. fundamental attribution error b. framing c. over attribution d. self-serving bias

a. fundamental attribution error

Keeping a clear focus on the activity you are engaged in, with attention to as many of the specifics of the event as you can, is known as _________ a. mindfulness b. perception checking c. cognitive complexity d. selective attention

a. mindfulness

The combination of emotional state. and knowledge refers to which factor that affects the perceptual process? a. personality and individual characteristics b. cognitive complexity c. sensory capabilities d. physical differences

a. personality and individual characteristics

Which of the following is an example of unethical behavior related to perception? a. treating an elderly person as a child because you believe old people are infirm b. not wearing a jacket outside because you believe the temperature to be warmer then it really is c. not partnering with a classmate for a project when you know the classmate has cheated before d. informing your sister that you perceive her boyfriend to be a loud, obnoxious person

a. treating an elderly person as a child because you believe old people are infirm

Which of the following statements about perception is correct? a. when we perceive people as being polite, we are more likely to agree to their requests b. our perceptions have little impact on how others view themselves c. a positive self-image makes us much more sensitive to others' negative thoughts d. when we communicate, we mostly we mostly respond to others words

a. when we perceive people as being polite, we are more likely to agree to their requests

Researchers found that individuals responded more helpfully to someone in need when they were initially exposes to smiles in a first encounter. This is a reflection of the role of ________ in perceptual processes. a. knowledge b. emotional state c. cognitive complexity d. physical differences

b. emotional state

The assumptions and attitudes we use to filter perceptions to create meaning are referred to as: a. patterns b. frames c. catergories d. attributions

b. frames

is Marian's friends see her as friendly and outgoing, and communicate this through their comments and actions, then she probably sees herself _________________. a. differently b. positively c. negatively d. neutrally

b. positively

Research shows that when people perceive others are attractive, they treat them ___________. a. with hostility and envy b. no differently then others viewed as less attractive c. better than those viewed as less attractive d. worse than those viewed as less attractive

c. better than those viewed as less attractive

Ron has worked as a pharmaceutical sales representative for several years. He has developed a template outlining exactly how he will introduce himself to new doctors in hopes that he can add them as clients. This template serves as _______ and is an aspect of the organization part of the perception process. a. schema b. interpersonal frame c. interpersonal script d. prototype

c. interpersonal script

When the text discussed differing perceptions regarding the role of race in the US by white American and African American, it is referring to the role of a. religion b. historical time period c. power d. social comparison

c. power

When we are more influence by and pay more attention to information learned first, this is referred to as the ____________. a. receiver effect b. primary effect c. primacy effect d. recency effect

c. primacy effect

The human body experiences more sensory information than it can process. Consequently, it focuses on and remembers only a narrow range of the full sensory information. This process is called ________. a. organization b. selective perception c. selective attention d. interpretation

c. selective attention

According to research, ________________ may be based in part on the way other smell. a. identity b. friendship c. sexual attraction d. personal body image

c. sexual attraction

In a field of communication, __________ is/are understood to be the categories that people develop to help them organize information. a. sensory input b. knowledge c. outlooks d. constructs

d. constructs

It is normal to be proud of one's national group, but one becomes ________ when engaging in polarized thinking and behavior in this regard. a. ego-defensive b. prejudicial c. cognitively complex d. ethnocentric

d. ethnocentric

What processes take place just after receiving sensory input and helps us structure and recognize what the input represents? a. retention b. interpretation c. selection d. organization

d. organization

When we use cognitive maps to form mental models for later recognition, this is part of the process known as __________. a. perception b. attention c. interpretation d. organization

d. organization

Our perceptions and communications to people impact how they ____________. a. view society b. alter their primary identities c. utilize their senses d. see themselves

d. see themselves