Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8

Data mining

A process that extracts from data potentially useful information that was previously unknown

Grammar check

A proofreading feature that alerts the user of errors, such as subject/verb disagreement, run on sentences, and split infinitives; a squiggly blue line is the universal alert for grammatical errors

Record

A row in a database table; all the information about a single "member" of a table

Body of the paper

A section of a written paper supporting an argument or thesis; begins with an introduction and ends with a conclusion or summary; one of four sections of a paper using APA style

Page header

A separate section located at the top of a page that can be used for a running head and page number

Visual literacy

A set of abilities that enables an individual to effectively find, interpret, evaluate, use and create images and visual media

TED style (technology, entertainment, design)

A slide presentation style that uses commanding images with or without a few words to convey the meaning in a presentation; each slide conveys a message

Lecture replacement model

A slide presentation style the requires text or narration to guide the audience viewer; because the tutorial replaces the lecture, the learning objectives must be explicit to the viewer and very detailed

Evidence-assertion order

A slide presentation style with visual evidence precedes a slide with the assertion or statement of meaning

Progressive disclosure

A slide presentation technique in which items are revealed one at a time until all the items on the slide display

Slide sorter view

A slide presentation view that shows many slides on one screen and is used for viewing and rearranging all the slides

Database Management System (DBMS)

A software application that provides tools for creating a database, entering data, retrieving data, manipulating, and reporting information contained within the data

Workbook

A spreadsheet file containing one or more spreadsheets; a user can change the order of sheets, add or delete sheets from a workbook

APA

A style for authoring scholarly papers in many nursing education programs, journals, and textbooks

Table of contents

A table that included the main headings used in a paper and the associated page numbers

Column

A vertical group of cells in a spreadsheet or table

Outline view

A viewing mode in a presentation file that provides a user the ability to enter and edit information

Lecture support model

Also known as the slide presentation supplement model, can guide audiences to follow the oral presentation; the slides should help an audience keep track of ideas and illustrate points but not include the entire talk

Stacked chart

A bar chart that is a part-to-whole chart the measures in percentage; each data set uses as its baseline the previous data set, and stacked bar charts compare differences in groups of clustered data

Line chart

A chart that uses lines to connect data: one type of communication changes in elapsed time period data and one type shows data trends; the category data are displayed on the horizontal axis and the data values displayed on the vertical access

Data warehouse

A comprehensive collections of clinical and demographic data on large populations

Freeze

A method to keep one part of a spreadsheet (rows, columns, both) visible while scrolling to another area of the spreadsheet; important for accurate data entry when the data refer to a heading in a column or row.

Journal manuscripts

A paper written for journal readers

Foreign key

Database filed located in the detail (child) table that contains data identical to that in the master table, which relates to the two tables

Scope creep

Describes unanticipated growth of the project that can result in cost overruns; it can develop because of "we don't miss what we never had" situations

Writing bias

Distortion for information that others might interpret as prejudice, such as terminology used for labels, gender, etc.

Data

Individual facts

Attribute

Instructs the database about the type of datum in each field name; may be a date, time, currency, number, or text.

Prezi

Presentation software that uses zooming to navigate the images on a single canvas

Keywords

Tags used to identify the topics discussed in a paper, which serve as search terms

Network model

Similar to the hierarchical database model, but the trees can share branches; because of the data structure, the model is complex and inflexible

Active cell

The location where you enter data into a spreadsheet; analogous to the insertion point in other programs

Primary key

The unique identifier of a record in a table or database

Content layer

The slide presentation layer use to enter text or other objects, such as images, tables, and charts

Default Setting

The software presets, such as line spacing, margins, default font, and paragraph headings

Slideshow view

The view that audiences see in the slide presentation; only viewing not editing

Database model

The way data are organized in a database; several models exist including flat, hierarchical, network, relational, and object oriented

Spelling check

a tool in word processors to avoid misspelled words; a squiggly red underline is a universal alert for a misspelled word

Intrinsic cognitive load

the difficulty of problem solving or making sense of the learning material

Abstract

Summarizes the information presented in an academic paper; one of four sections of an APA paper

Flat database

All of the data located in one table, such as a spreadsheet, worksheet, or an address book, in a word processor; very simple to construct and use but have limitations when it comes to tracking items that belong in a record when there are more than one of the same item

Crop

Allows the designer to trim the vertical or horizontal edges or a graphic

Spreadsheet

An electronic version of a table consisting of a grid of rectangles(cells) arranged in columns and rows; can be uniquely formatted to display numbers, text data, and formulas

Self-plagiarism

It occurs when authors take work the previously published and present it as new

Relational database

A flexible database model which uses wo or more tables connected by identical information in key fields in each table, which allows the data in a record from one table to be matched to any piece of pieces of data in records in another table

Boolean logic

A form of algebra in which matches are either true or false, named after the 19th century mathematician George Boole; three concepts make up BOolean logi: "and", "or" and "not"

Cell range

A group of contiguous cells in a spreadsheet; users can name ranges of cells and use this name in commands instead of the cell location to create formulas

References

A list of sources used in a paper; the fourth section of an APA paper

Combo box

A list to validate data that appear from a drop down menu, created in spreadsheet or database software

Hierarchical database

An early database model, it has tables that are organized in the shape of an inverted tree, like an organizational chart; often called a tree structure, records are linked at a base, or root, but through successive layers

Worksheet

One spreadsheet in a workbook file; it is best a use a separate worksheet for each table in a workbook

External reference

References (links) a cell or a range in a spreadsheet located in another workbook; values changed in a linked cell change the referenced cell in another workbook

Cognitive load theory

The brain as limited short-term memory and unlimited long term memory; therefore it is difficult for the brain to process reading words on one slide while listening to the presenter unless the slides are congruent

Normal view

The default creation mode in a slide presentation file

Cell address

The name given to a cell in a spreadsheet; uses the letter of the column and the row number where it is located

Structured query language (SQL)

The name of coding that is used for querying in may databases; an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard computer language for for retrieving and updating data in a database

Query

The search function for a relational database; one of the characteristics alligators that make databases powerful

Plagiarism

Using another's work as your own; two common types include coping the exact text written by others without citing the source and reordering the words of a source text without citing the source

Field

A column in a database table; the smallest structure in a database

Table

A database collection of related information that consists of a number of records, and each record is made up of a number of fields; database professionals refer to this as an entity for file.

Tables

A database collection of related information that consists of records, and each record is made up of a number of fields; database professionals refer to a table as an entity or field

One-to-many relationships

A database concept that describes the relationship of records in tables where one record in a table can have many records in a related table; for example one patient can have many medications or hospitalizations

Lookup table

A database table that provides a list of allowable entries for a filed that is linked to that field

Parent-child relationship

A database term that describes the master table and associated related tables

Entity

A discrete unit

Lessig style

A fast-paced slide presentation style used when the content is not detailed; slides use tex visuals of a few words or quotes to engage the viewers

Speaker notes

A feature in a slide presentation software that can help a speaker to remember information for a given slide; when the slideshow is projected only the slide that is visible to the audience but the speaker can print notes associated with the slides

Chart

A graphical presentation of a set of numbers; provide a means to interpret the relationships of the quantitative and categorical data in the table

Storyboard

A plan for the visuals of a presentation that forces the presenter to organize thoughts and assemble them into a coherent presentation

Theme

A predesigned combination of background colors, font style, and color in a slide presentation file

Track changes

A review feature to use when collaborating with others; the tool will enable the author to see proposed changes while maintaining the ability to see the original document

Mail merge

A word processing feature that takes a set of data and places the different pieces into the desired place in a document; it can be used for labels, letters, and emails

Repeat header row

A word processing table feature, when selected, the header row will appear on the subsequent page(s); used with tables that span across multiple pages

Page ruler

Assists with formatting functions such as modifying/setting tabs and creating a hanging indent used for reference list.

Page break

Begins the next section of text on a new page; the four main sections of an APA paper (title page, body of paper, and reference list) must be separated with a page break

Layout layer

Builds on the background layer in the number and types of placeholders it has for different layouts in a presentation format

Pie chart

Communicate the proportion of various items in relation to the whole (classified as area charts); they are the "part to the whole" charts designed to show percentages, not amounts, and use only one data series

Area chart

Communicates the proportion of the various items in relation to the whole (pie charts, are an example); they are the "part to the whole" charts designed to show numbers and percentages

Title page

Contains the running head, page numbers, author's name and institutional affiliation; one of the four sections of an APA paper

Atomic level

Data in a cell that can not be reduced; when designing a database, each field must contain atomic level data

Bar chart

Generally associated with comparisons of amounts; data in bar charts can be displayed either vertically or horizontally, and varieties include sample, clustered, or stacked

Figures

Graphs, charts, maps, drawings, and photographs

Scholarly writing

Includes a variety of venues, including online discussing postings, master's theses, doctoral dissertations, and journal manuscripts

Paragraph heading

Name the sections of a paper and assist the reader to understand what to anticipate in the section that follows a heading

Endnotes

Notes displayed at the end of a document

Footnotes

Notes located at the bottom of a page

Report

Often used for printing information from data in a table(s) or query, it provides data organization to fulfill user need

Academic papers

Papers written for an instructor or professor in an education setting

Parameter query

Queries that require the user to enter a constraint to define data output; only records that match that "parameter" are returned

Background layer

Sometimes called the master layer in a slide presentation software that holds the design of the slides, or the theme; is important because it keeps all of the slides in the presentation consistent in looks

Database

Software that is a collection of related objects, such as tables, forms, queries, and reports

Line spacing

The amount of space between lines of text; the default setting in word processors is single space

Margins

The amount of white space between the edge of the document and the tex

Cell

The rectangles contained in a grid of a spreadsheet that are arranged in columns and rows; each cell can be formatted to display numbers, text data, and formulas

Germane cognitive load

Thought process or schemas that organized categories of information for storage in long term memory; slide design should have minimal text, appropriate visual images, and facilitate learners to process the information

Extraneous cognitive load

Unnecessary information delivered in the design of instruction

Normalization rules

Used in the relational databases to organize, aggregate, and display data; each able represents a category of data and each field must be unique to the database

Form

Used to add, edit, and to view data from a database table or query; shows all the fields related to that record for that which the data must be entered, regardless of the base table in the data are stored