Chapter 5

If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II? 18 12 6 24

12

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father? 23 2 24 46

23

Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes? 3:1 1:1 4:1 1:2:1

3:1

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated. How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei? 184 46 92 It varies depending on gender.

92

How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex? 90% 99.9% 99.5% 78%

99.5%

A true-breeding milk chocolate Easter bunny is crossed with a true-breeding dark chocolate Easter bunny. Assuming dark chocolate is dominant over milk chocolate and the traits segregate according to Mendelian genetics, which traits will the offspring express? 3 Dark to 1 Milk All Dark 3 Milk to 1 Dark All Milk

All Dark

Name the part of the chromosome indicated by the arrow. IN THE MIDDLE Mitotic spindle Sister chromatid Centromere Gene

Centromere

Which process specifically refers to a cell physically dividing into two cells? Interphase Meiosis Mitosis Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis

If it were to be stretched out, the DNA in one of your cells would be taller than you. How does such a large quantity of DNA fit within the nucleus of one of your cells? Pure DNA condenses spontaneously on its own. Except during cell division, DNA fills the entire cell. DNA is associated with proteins that compact the DNA to form a package called chromatin. Proteins are required to condense DNA during cell division but not during Interphase.

DNA is associated with proteins that compact the DNA to form a package called chromatin.

How could an embryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine? Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type, including a nerve cell. Embryonic stem cells can cause any other cell type to multiply. Embryonic stem cells secrete proteins that repair all other cell types, including nerve cells. Embryonic stem cells are primarily involved with neural growth and development.

Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type, including a nerve cell.

Huntington's disease is a rare genetic disorder. Which of the following statements regarding the genes for Huntington's must be true? Huntington's is a mutant trait, but we cannot say whether it is dominant or recessive. Huntington's is a wild-type trait, but we cannot say whether it is dominant or recessive. Huntington's disease is a mutant trait and therefore must be recessive. Huntington's is a wild-type trait and therefore must be dominant.

Huntington's is a mutant trait, but we cannot say whether it is dominant or recessive.

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated? Interphase Cytokinesis Meiosis Mitosis

Interphase

When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described? Its haplotype Its karyotype Its phenotype Its genotype

Its phenotype

What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes? Jacob's syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Down syndrome Turner syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

By what means does a zygote divide? Mitosis Meiosis Binary fission Syngamy

Mitosis

What type of cells undergo mitosis? Gametes Bacterial cells Both of these Neither of these

Neither of these

If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make? Body cells Sex cells Homologs Gonads

Sex cells

What are attached at the centromere? Daughter cells Homologous chromosomes Sister chromatids Genomes

Sister chromatids

The inheritance pattern for red-green color blindness is different for males compared to females. Similar to the inheritance pattern for hemophilia in the royal families of Europe, red-green color blindness is rare in females although they can be carriers for this trait. Why is the inheritance pattern different for males and females? Males do not express this trait unless they inherit two copies of the red-green color blindness allele, while females express this trait even if they have inherited only one copy of the color blindness allele. The gene for this trait is located on the Y chromosome. This is an example of pleiotropy. The gene for this trait is located on the X chromosome.

The gene for this trait is located on the X chromosome.

What is different between two alleles of the same gene? Their location. For example, one allele might be at the end of one chromosome while the other allele is in the middle of another chromosome. Their base sequence. For example, one allele might have the base sequence AGGTCTGA while the other has the base sequence GGTCTGT. The chromosome number they are on. For example, one allele might be on chromosome 12 while the other one is on chromosome 3. The cell they are in. For example, one might be in a liver cell while the other is in a blood cell.

Their base sequence. For example, one allele might have the base sequence AGGTCTGA while the other has the base sequence GGTCTGT.

What do we call a genetic cross that follows two separate characters, such as pea seed color and pea seed shape? a monohybrid cross a test cross a dihybrid cross a Punnett square

a dihybrid cross

What is a carrier? an individual who is heterozygous for a particular recessive trait an individual who displays a wild-type characteristic an individual who displays a mutant characteristic an individual who is homozygous for a particular recessive trait

an individual who is heterozygous for a particular recessive trait

Duplication of the chromosomes by a cell occurs __________. to repair gene damage caused by mutation in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell before a cell divides whenever a cell makes protein

before a cell divides

Somatic cells are ________. haploid (n) haploid (2n) diploid (2n) diploid (n)

diploid (2n)

Imagine that, in cats, eye color is controlled by a single gene and that black eyes are dominant to orange eyes. All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed cat and an orange-eyed cat have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is __________ the allele for orange eyes. dominant to recessive to evolutionarily more fit than codominant to

dominant to

If your grandparents were in the F1 generation, what generation are you? H3 P F3 P3

f3

Genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together. These are called ________. joined genes nonsegregated genes linked genes fused genes

linked genes

Is an individual with the XXY combination of chromosomes anatomically male or female? Male Female

male

After fertilization, the resulting zygote undergoes _____. binary fission meiosis asexual reproduction mitosis

mitosis

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by ________. mitosis meiosis binary fission syngamy

mitosis

Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring? Pink Red and white White Red

pink

Except during __________, cell division in humans results in daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes and are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. cell replacement sexual reproduction growth asexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

The tall allele is dominant and the dwarf allele is recessive. What is the abbreviation for the dwarf allele? D t T d

t

The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents. identical unique indifferent parsimonious

unique

Would a human clone have a bellybutton? No Yes

yes

Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) ________. zygote gonad embryo gamete

zygote