Chapter 5 and 6

1. What is the significance of the Battle of Lexington and Concord?

This battle is the first battle of the Revolutionary War, and because the colonists won, it gave them confidence that they could win more battles against the British.

1. What was the most significant legal barrier to the political participation of women in the years following the Revolution?

Women were expected to be subservient to their husbands and also had limited legal rights

1. Next to national independence, what was the second most significant concession the United States gained in the Treaty of Paris in 1783?

a large piece of territory west of the Appalachian Mountains

What did South Carolina and Georgia promise every white volunteer at the war's end?

a slave

1. What approach did the new American government take toward Native Americans in the years following the Revolution?

acquired lands by treaty or force

1. What became of the Stamp Act?

act was repealed, and the colonies abandoned their ban on imported British goods.

What primarily motivated the British to place a tax on tea by passing the Tea Act?

aiding the financially ailing East India Company, a giant trading monopoly

1. Thomas Paine's Common Sense argued that America would become?

argued that America would become the home of freedom and "an asylum for mankind." and we should separate from britain

What were "freedom petitions"?

arguments for liberty presented by new england's courts and legislatures in early 1770 by enslaved african americans.

1. "Republican motherhood" was an ideology that held that?

as women gained educational opportunities they would play an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens.

1. How did the Stamp Act differ from the Sugar Act?

attempted to raise money from direct taxes in the colonies rather than through the regulation of trade.

1. At the insistence of Georgia and South Carolina, what clause from Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence was deleted before Congress approved the document?

clause condemning slavery

1. In writing the Declaration of Independence, which of Locke's natural rights did Jefferson replace, and with what?

replaced property with pursuit of happiness

Writs of assistance alarmed colonists because?

search warrants that allowed customs officials to search anywhere they chose for smuggled goods

1. Who was Phillis Wheatley?

she is the first African American poet

1. The words "to have and to hold" appeared in both marriage vows and ________, which demonstrated how legal authority ________.

slavery, made these people property?

1. The Declaratory Act did what?

stated that Parliament could make laws binding the American colonies "in all cases whatsoever."

1. What did the messages from the "Petitions of Slaves to the Massachusetts Legislature" (1773-1777) suggest?

that, because slaves were not citizens, they lacked any natural or unalienable rights in common with whites

1. What prompted the British to declare that the colonies were in a state of rebellion?

the Battle of Bunker Hill

1. What strategy worked well for the colonists in fighting the British in the South during the American Revolution?

the Continental army and militias deployed hit-and-run tactics.

1. John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania argued what?

the Townshend Acts were illegal because they were intended to raise revenue, a power held only by the colonial assemblies.

1. What role did the Committees of Correspondence play in the years preceding the revolution?

the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists.

1. What was the first concrete step taken toward ending slavery in New England?

the presentation of freedom petitions

1. What contributed to the success of free trade advocates during the Revolutionary War?

the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations

1. American allies during the War for Independence (France and Spain) fought with the Americans largely because?

they were Britain's rivals

1. Which was an aim of the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?

to devise a unified protest against new British taxation

1. What was the purpose of the Committees of Safety?

to enforce the Continental Association banning all trade with Britain.

1. What was the aim of the Townshend Acts?

to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would remain loyal to Great Britain, to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations

1. What happened to churches as a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution?

upstart churches began challenging the well-established churches.

1. What argument did Abigail Adams make in her letter to her husband, John, written on March 31, 1776?

urging him and the other members of the Continental Congress not to forget about the nation's women when fighting for America's independence from Great Britain.

1. What was the significance of the Ladies Association founded by Esther Reed and Sarah Franklin Bache?

which raised funds and distributed clothing to needy soldiers in 1781. Generally, wealthier woman participated in the war efforts in this way. Women had little direct political influence and no political power in the new republic.

1. The "Daughters of Liberty" was the name given to women who did what?

women who spun and wove to create their own clothing rather than buy British goods.

1. Crispus Attucks was who?

A dock worker who was part African-American and part Native American. He was first killed at the Boston Massacre.

1. Describe Treaty of Paris

A letter for the colonies to get more land and area to build and fit more people in.

1. What were the components of the Intolerable Acts?

A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protests against the British

1. As a result of the American Revolution, how did Americans feel about the principle of hereditary aristocracy?

Americans rejected: the principle of hereditary aristocracy.

1. What female profession best represented the feminine ideal in late eighteenth-century America?

Art

1. In what ways was Thomas Paine's Common Sense similar to Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?

Both showed how a king can be a tyrant.

Describe the British approach to governing the American colonies prior to 1763?

British government was uninterested

1. The Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers did what?

British soldiers in Boston opened fire on a group of American colonists killing five men.

1. The underlying tension that escalated into the Boston Massacre was between what groups and why?

British troops stationed din Boston and the city's laborers, with whole they competed for jobs on the waterfront

1. What was an important political origin of the American Revolution?

Colonists disliked lack of representation in parliament.

1. What did Adam Smith argue in The Wealth of Nations?

Competition is crucial for a healthy economy.

1. What was the primary reason that motivated slaves to join the Continental army?

Hoping for freedom and more rights.

1. What was one of the ways in which Paul Revere's engraving of the Boston Massacre was significant?

It was used as propaganda (something used to help or harm a cause or individual) to demand the removal of British troops from Boston.

1. Virtually every founding father owned at least one slave at some point in his life. Who was a notable exception?

John Adams

1. Who were the delegates to the first Continental Congress?

Joseph Galloway, and John Dickinson are also some of the people who were involved. Also George Washington, John Adams, Samuel Adams, and Patrick Henry.

1. The Olive Branch Petition was addressed to? And said what?

King George III requesting to settle their differences peacefully without going to war.

1. What individuals would have been most likely to be loyal to the British during the American Revolution?

Loyalists

What made many colonial leaders hesitant to support the idea of independence?

Many believed the British military was essential to their survival. Didn't think they would win the war

Why did the number of slaves in America increase from 1776 to 1790?

Slavery survived the War of Independence, and the slave population naturally increased.

1. John Adams recommended George Washington as commander of the Continental army because?

1. John Adams recommended George Washington as commander of the Continental army because?

1. Describe class stratification in the United States following the War for Independence.

1. The majority of the new postwar state constitutions tended to establish what kind of government?

1. When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, how many slaves did he own?

200

1. In the Declaration of Independence, what justification did Thomas Jefferson provide as the basis for breaking with Britain?

He explained how the British government had Absolute Power and was violating the colonists' Natural Rights.

1. What did Lord Dunmore do that horrified many southerners?

He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.

1. By 1800, what type of labor had all but disappeared from the United States?

Indentured servitude

1. Describe the allegiance of Native American tribes during the War for Independence.

Native Americans and African Americans fought on both sides.

1. Which argument in the petitions of slaves to the Massachusetts legislature employed the principles of the American Revolution?

Natural rights were universal.

Where did most free blacks live in 1810?

New England

1. Americans were not represented in the House of Commons, and therefore felt they were being taxed without their consent. What rallying cry did this lead to?

No taxation without representation

1. Which action by British Parliament was labeled an "Intolerable Act" by Americans?

Parliament empowers military commanders to lodge soldiers in private homes.

1. Patriot leaders worried about how difficult it would be to encourage the quality of "virtue" in the new society. What did they mean by "virtue"?

Patriotism is a virtue so long as the actions it encourages are not themselves immoral.

1. Who was Deborah Sampson?

She disguised herself as a man and signed up to fight in the war. Her true identity was discovered by a doctor when she got sick with yellow fever. The doctor helped keep her secret until the war was over.

1. Which settlement in Africa did the British establish for former slaves from the United States?

Sierra Leone

1. What was the treatment of those who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution?

Some of them were victims of violence and were even arrested and sometimes executed if they actively helped the British.

1. What effect did the American Revolution have on the practice of slavery?

Some patriots argued that slavery for blacks made freedom possible for whites.

1. In fighting the Revolutionary War, the Americans on their own could not match what British advantage?

The British Navy

1. Why did George Washington eventually allow African-Americans to serve in the Continental army?

The British started offering freedom to slaves who signed up to fight for their army.

1. What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?

The British surrender at the Battle of Yorktown ended the American Revolutionary War.

1. After what major event did the British government make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire?

The Seven Years War

1. What were the Suffolk Resolves?

The Suffolk Resolves were passed by the first Continental Congress to boycott goods and protest recent taxes. ... The olive branch petition was written by the second Continental Congress to the English Parliament. It called for a ceasefire in Boston and a repeal of the coercive act.

1. The idea of "American exceptionalism" that developed in the Revolutionary era refers to what belief?

The United States has a special mission to serve as a refuge from tyranny and a model of universal freedom for the rest of the world

1. What was the response to the idea of the separation of church and state in America after the Revolution?

The founders including Thomas Jefferson wanted separation between church and state. They didn't want religious views getting in the way of the government. The first amendment guaranteed this and it allowed America religious freedom

1. Describe France's involvement in the Revolutionary War and how it helped them win.

They helped the colonist win the battle at Yorktown. They sent funds, troops, etc.

1. What did the Continental Association call for?

a complete ban on all trade between America and Great Britain of all goods, wares or merchandise.

1. Who were the Loyal Nine?

a group of merchants and craftsmen who had taken the lead in opposing the Stamp Act.

1. Why did colonists object to the Tea Act?

because they believed that Parliament did not have the right to tax the tea, and they did not want to be forced to buy it from only one company.

1. Describe the religious views expressed by founding fathers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton?

belief in jesus christ

1. What occurred to the United States after the Treaty of Paris of 1783?

believed laws should not ignore women.

1. The Sons of Liberty took the lead in enforcing what?

boycotting British goods and acts

1. Virtual representation was the idea that?

each member of Britains house of commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district.

1. The Sons of Liberty enjoyed support from what groups?

enjoyed support from New York craftsmen and laborers.

1. What was the goal of the Sugar Act, with this law Britain took away what?

established a new machinery to end widespread smuggling by colonial merchants. Took away trial by jury.

1. To encourage virtue in future citizens, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams proposed what?

free public education

1. What was one of the lasting impacts of the arguments made in the Declaration of Independence?

gave birth t america, many hypocritical arguments

1. Republican motherhood encouraged

greater educational opportunities for women

1. The new state constitutions created during the Revolutionary War did what to the right to vote?

greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.

1. What qualification for voting was most widely discussed following the Revolution and resulted in the most variations across the new state constitutions?

greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.

1. In the early republic, free black men could vote if they met what requirements?

if they met tax and property requirements, in all states except Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia.

1. How did the ideas of John Locke influence the question of abolition?

is belief that all people possessed a divine "inner light" was used to condemn slavery.

1. The British Parliament's 1774 Quebec Act did what?

it gave them far more rights than were enjoyed by many other colonists in different parts of the British Empire. It created a French, Roman Catholic colony within the British Empire

1. The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because?

it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.

1. The free black population after the Revolution in most states enjoyed the right to vote if what requirement was met?

its male members met taxpaying or property qualifications.